The Antisemitism In German Empire(1871-1914)

During the German Empire,the Jews gained legal liberation,so that they had many opportunities to improve their social status.Although the proportion of the Jews in the total population is only about 1%,but they tend to live in large cities,concentrate in the business,banking,printing and publishing industries,improve their education level,and thus their achievements were remarkable.The entry of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe in Germany is further intensified the contradiction between the German people and the Jews.After the economic crisis of 1873,the social contradictions intensified,and it was more difficult for the Jews to entry into the German society.The anti-Semitic conspiracy theory argues that the economic crisis is caused by the Jews.Social ills are attracted to easily identifiable Jewish groups.The stock market crash was due to the "betrayal" of the Jews;the capitalist mode of production was the Jewish world conspiracy.Anti-Semitism argues that social problems are Jewish problems and further exaggerate the Jews as the "culprit" to control national policies,to govern the economic lifeline,to hold the news media,and to change the national virtues.Mostly Jews concentrated in the intellectual community and the middle class,where the anti-Semitism is intense.The promoter of the anti-Semitic movement is not some uneducated person,but a group of university professors like Treitschke and Duhring.They let anti-Semitism in the front door of the German Universities.In Treitschke’s monumental History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century,his famous political speech,and his articles in the Prussian Yearbooks,Treitschke established a complex thought,that later became a unique German national ideology.Affected by these anti-Semitism scholars,as well as the employment market downturn,college students set up anti-Semitism organizations,which provided leaders for the future of anti-Semitism movement.Stocker introduced anti-Semitism into parliament which represented the rise of political anti-Semitism in Germany.St6cker used Christian anti-Semitism to compete with the Social Democrats,to make the German Empire into a Christian country,and tried to attract workers to his Party.Although Stocker did not win the support of the workers,his Christian Socialist Party attracted a large number of lower middle class,thus gaining political capital,and introducing anti-Semitism into the imperial political life.With the support of the peasantry,Bockel and Ahlwardt also established anti-Semitism parties.They participated in the elections,and won seats in Congress.Since 1908,the "Alldeutscher Verband" also accepted anti-Semitism.The anti-Semitic movement of the German Empire was eventually bankrupt because of its lack of integrity,leadership and internal cohesion.However,the importance of the election and parliamentary anti-Semitism in the German Empire was that it was public and visible,and the anti-Semitism not only affected the ordinary people,but also a variety of industry educated people.Anti-Semitism rooted in many social institutions and political organizations,which cleaned the way for the subsequent destruction of the Weimar Republic.During the German Empire,the common goal of most Jews was acquired full citizenship.Anti-Semitism makes the Jews feel depressed and worried,but not enough to undermine their loyalty to the "dear fatherland".The discrimination can not shake their pride in their achievements.When the Zionism rose in Germany,only a very small number of people supported it.Large number of German Jews has accepted the legal liberation and economic and cultural success.