A Contrastive Study On Moral Words-concepts In Russian And Chinese

Moral concepts are an important reflection of ethical cultural model and psychological world,which have been studied in philosophy,religion,physiology,linguistics from different perspectives.They are expressed by various means,such as words,phrases,idioms,syntactic structures,texts,among which words are the best carriers.Words,which express moral concepts are moral words-concepts.Theory of conceptual analysis provides an effective method to systematically interpret moral words-concepts,which can comprehensively and objectively describe their semantic structures in different languages in order to reveal moral concepts of different cultures.Moral words-concepts are a multifaceted linguistic unit,which are an organic combination of objective reality and subjective mind.Moral words-concepts have multi-level semantic structures.Firstly,this dissertation divides the semantic structure into two levels — logical and sublogical level.The former explicitly reflects objective understandings of reality,which belongs to the surface semantic structure;the latter implicitly embodies subjective experiences and values,which belongs to the deep semantic structure.Secondly,on this basis we construct semantic interpretation model of moral words-concepts.Generally,the logical semantic level is established by analysis of etymologies,dictionary definitions,collocations and natural semantic metalanguages;the sublogical semantic level — by analysis of gestalts and idioms.This interpretation model can be useful in elucidating semantic structure including linguistic objective and subjective meanings.Finally,taking the moral concepts “love”,“good”,“conscience” as examples,we explore the concrete interpretation process.In addition,this dissertation establishes and contrasts the semantic structures of above-mentioned moral words-concepts by means of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods,and find the proof that moral concepts are influenced by ethical culture.Study suggests that moralwords-concepts are the result of a combination of language itself,objective reality and ethical minds.This dissertation constructs semantic interpretation model of moral words-concepts and discusses its concrete interpretation process.Relevant study has important significance for other moral and even cultural words-concepts.