The Formation Of American’s Post-war Occupation And Reconstruction Policy Of The Japan During World War Ⅱ

The occupation and transformation of Japan by the United States during the post-war occupation period,was another major change in Japan since the Meiji Restoration.It profoundly affected the post-war Japan’s political,economic,military,social,ideological,cultural,and educational aspects.The policy of post-war occupation and reform of Japan by the United States did not occur suddenly at the end of the war,but was eventually established during the Second World War period through three years of research,discussion,formulation,and decision-making.Through the discussion of the complete process of the US post-war occupation and reform of Japan’s occupation policy,it could be seen that the US’s policy of occupation and reform after Japan’s post-war period was derived during the war.Most of the reforms that were implemented in Japan after the war were actually formulated as early as during the war.The basic principles and guidelines for the US post-war occupation and reform of Japan’s policies,stem from the American concepts of internationalism diplomacy and various international declarations,agreements,and declarations reached by the wartime allies.In the formation of the post-war policy on Japan,by combining diplomatic concepts with actual conditions,the United States finally established the two basic directions,demilitarization and democratization of Japan’s politics,economy,and military,society,thought,culture,and education after the war.The ultimate goal of reforming is to make Japan no longer pose a threat to world peace and security,and ultimately to establish a responsible peace,freedom,and democracy government in Japan.The post-war occupation and reform of Japan’s occupation policy formulated by the United States in wartime(1942-1945),mainly went through three periods,namely: the period of the Territorial Subcommittee(TS)(1942.8-1944.1),means research on Japan’s post-war policy;and the period of Post-war Planning committee(PWC)(1944.1-1944.12),means development of the policy,and the period of State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee(SWNCC)(1944.12-1945.9),means formulate the ultimate policy.In the decision-making phase of the post-war policy on Japan,the State Department undertook most of the jobs.The “Japanese school”,that is,the Japanese research scholars and diplomats in State Department who had long resided in Japan before the war,made significant contributions to the formation of these policies.They participated in the study and formulation of most post-war policies on Japan.Under the influence of the Japanese school,the US policy makers accepted the suggestion of temporarily retaining the Japan’s Imperial system at the end of the war,which played an important role in Japan’s earlier surrender.Not only,but the US policymakers also adopted the proposal to use the Japanese government include the Emperor to indirectly rule,which had a fundamental impact on post-war Japan’s occupation and reconstruction work.Other departments of the U.S.government,such as the War department,Navy department,Office of Strategic Services(OSS),and the Office of War Information(OWI),also made outstanding contributions to the formation of post-war Japan policies.It is worth noting why the United States’ policy of successful post-war occupation and reform of Japan’s occupation and reform could successfully implemented.The answer was that US had the advantages of international situation in Japan surrendered and the post-war early period.It is inseparable that the US always maintain a dominant position in wartime and even now to Japanese affairs.After the end of the war,the United States dominated the East Asian region’s by the military,ruled out the influence of the Soviet Union and other countries,established absolute control over Japan,and enabled the United States unimpeded to successfully implement the post-war Japan’s post-war policy.In sum,judging from the occupation and transformation of Japan during the post-war occupation period,the policy plan for occupation and reform of Japan formulated in the wartime not only achieved but also achieved considerable success.The reason why the policy can be successfully formulated and implemented is mainly because the U.S.government has combined U.S.diplomatic concepts and principles with the realities of Japan in the policy formulation process,coordinated them after long-term debates,and when formulating policy guidelines,listened to the views of the Japanese school whose composed of Japanese research scholars and diplomatic officers familiar with Japanese affairs,and took full advantage of the favorable international environment at the end of the war,and finally achieved the separate occupation and transformation of Japan.