Trueness And Reality

This thesis researches into Yu Hua's novels.These novels are developed through three stages:The first stage began from the publication of Going out at 18on the journal of the Beijing Literature in 1987,which contained the Novelettes and short stories' publication from 1987 till 1990(An Abnormal Event published on the journal of The Great Wall).The second stage began from the full-length novel's publication of Cries in the Drizzle(on the sixth edition of the journal of the Harvest in 1991)to Brothers published in 2006.The third stage began from the publication of The Seventh Day in 2013 up to now.Based on the text of these novels and take Yu Hua's own words about his works as the assistant basis,this thesis proposes that the focus of Yu Hua's creation changes through the three stages because of his different understand on "tureness" and"reality".In the first stage,Yu Hua sought an individual's "spiritual trueness".However,in the second stage,Yu Hua combined the "trueness" with the "reality" in his memories and the "reality" in his present life together.From The Seventh Day,Yu Hua clearly redirected his attention to social "reality".To this point,this thesis is divided into four parts:The first part consists of the first chapter and the second,which analyzes Yu Hua's "spiritual trueness" on the level of the enlightenment and existentialist thought.The thesis argues that,in this period,Yu Hua mainly took foreign literature as reading resources and creative templates,and he discovered "death","courage" and"imagination”by reading Kawabata Yasunari,Dostoevsky,Kafka and other masterpieces.Combined with his childhood memories,Yu Hua created a large number of works which took "blood","violence" and "death" as the themes in the vanguard period.These works have the vague historical background and the reality is not very prominent.Driven by imitation and surpassing,this stage of Yu Hua's creation is a kind of the extreme individualism spiritual writing.It manifests as the rivalry of rationality and irrationality,which are the main features of enlightenment and existentialism literature.The second part consists of the third chapter and the fourth.It discusses the"autobiography" writing,"anti-autobiography" writing and historical writing of Yu Hua,based on his focus of the reality in his memory.This thesis argues that the relationship between Yu Hua's childhood memory and contemporary thinking changed from clear contrast to blur which was full of internal tension.Yu Hua took the"realistic" life as the creation position and narrated soothingly in a stable and long-term time dimension,making the stories more readable.Because of this,Yu Hua provided a basis for the change from a simple "childhood" perspective to the development of the whole childhood memory.Under the macro structure of "Seeing and Being Seen",Yu Hua took deformation and exaggeration as the main narrative techniques,and wrote a series of themes full of internal tension,such as loneliness and carnival,love and hurt,suffering and humor,sexual taboos and release and so on.In this Kind of creation,Yu Hua showed the impulse of seeking the personal life"reality" and the historical "reality".The third part is composed of the fifth chapter,which is the exposition of Yu Hua's critique of the reality of the society.This thesis argues that Yu Hua shelved his childhood memories and began to face the comtemporary society with a firm and critical attitude in The Seventh Day.The most important feature in this novel was that the moral sense which had been suspended in the previous novels came back.Because of that,the internal tension in the previous novels disappeared at the same time.The fourth part is composed of the sixth chapter,which is the special discussion on Yu Hua's creative strategy based on the Theory of Discourse.This thesis argues that,all the activities in the creation and the criticism,around the Yu Hua's works are a contention of the power of discourse.In this contention,the concepts of "Trueness"and "Reality" put forward by Yu Hua are essential.According to the the theory of Knowledge-power raised by Michel Foucault,this thesis proposes that as a self-interpretation,the two concepts are substantially a knowledge production about the criticism of his works.As the writer,Yu Hua naturally possesses the privilege of the criticism of his novels.Meanwhile,as the core products,"Trueness" and "Reality"consolidates the power of the Yu Hua in turn.In order to illustrate the correlation between the knowledge and the power based on the platform of discourse,this thesis describes the discourse style of Yu Hua's novels,and then discusses Yu Hua's discourse strategy.