A Study Of Hu's Surname In The Northwest And The Frontier Management In The Middle Ages

The structure of "pluralistic integration" of the Chinese nation is not only the current situation,but also the historical process.The Middle Ancient period between the Han Dynasty,the main ethnic group of China,and the Tang Dynasty,where the territory of the Central Plains regime of China reached its extreme value is the most important and vivid stage in the history of "pluralistic integration",which represented by the convergence and integration of tribes.Just between the Han and Tang dynasties,there are a special class of historical data material:Epitaph literature,which showing a high value for information about outlining historical details and trace history.Taking the Epitaph material as the basic aspect,focusing on the Northwest Frontier,rearranging the history of the gathering and integration of many tribes in the MiddleAncient period,and observing details and traces in the process of the formation and expansion of "pluralistic integration" is undoubtedly a viable academic path.In order to achieve the above goals,two specific and "relative" aspects are needed:Firstly,the origin,migration and distribution of Hu surname in the Middle Ancient Northwest Frontier,represented by Yuchi(??),Dugu(??)and Yujiulu(???),were clarified by relying on the information of ancient and near ancestors anddeath site in the Hu tribes' epitaph,particularly,their own consciousness of the Hu tribes and the course of their integration into the Chinese identity.This part focuses on the cultural,social and self-consciousness of the Hu tribes' internal migration scene.Secondly,On the basis of the information recorded in the epitaph concerning the foreign communication,official establishment,military action and so on in the Middle Ancient Northwest Frontier,combing the attempts and success details of the Central Plains regime in northwest frontier in the Middle Ancient period with some landscaping in small places.This part pays more attention to the military-political,national and enterprising character of the "Hu-Han Community" when it is expanded out of the world.Xianbei(??)is the intermediary between the Hun and the Turk,both are the overlord of the grassland,so it begins with the surname of Xianbei.The conversion of Hu's surname to Han's surname since Emperor Xiao wen was not smooth sailing.It is one of the measures taken by Yuwen Tai to reform the army that the Northern Wei Dynasty royal family changed to its old surname as seen in Tuoba's(??)epitaph of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.To a great extent,it helped the weak Western Wei Dynasty to realize the security and development of the regime.The clan of Yuan(?)and Tuguhun(???)are both ethnic groups moving westward across a large area in Xianbei group.They all changed their surnames because of their strong sense of tribe,and eventually merged into China during the heyday of the Tang Dynasty.Yuchi had a connection with Xianbei in the early period,but the Western Yuchi had no much relationship with Khotan Vijaya(Visa').The re-investigation of the epitaph of Yuchi in the Northern,Sui and Tang dynasties will help us to clarify the development of the Yuchi nationality in the Middle Ancient period and the elements of the "frontier" and Chinese identity and the historical process of "Hu-Han Integration" embodied in them.Helan(??),Cheng(?)and Peng(?),who are related to Xianbei but estranged,are also deeply marked by Sinicization and centralization in their continuous development and migration.The clan of Dugu lived during the Han and the Tang Dynasty shows that it itself has the "frontier nature" of the middle ancient China with the Continuity of the word of "Dugu".They experienced the development from Hexi Xiutu(????)to the Bingzhou Tuge(????),and then to the Saibei Dugu(????)development road.Until 6th century,it reached its peak.The frontier character represented by Dugu Xin(???)in the middle ancient times seems to be the inevitable manifestation of the historical contribution made to the formation of the great empire in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.The continuous internal migration of the Rouran(??)clan,represented by Yujiulu(???),was also in the heyday Tang Dynasty from the blood and culture of the completion of the Sinicization.After entering China,An(?)and Mi(?)of Sogdian gradually melt into China in the interaction of migration and convergence.The information of the epitaph of the descendants of Sogdian An tribe reflects the recognition of the origin of Huangdi and the high feelings of national identity,which is undoubtedly a long-term and effective embodiment of the tolerance of Chinese culture and the Order of East Asia.The expansion of the Northwest Frontier in the Northern Wei Dynasty inherited the tradition of the Han Dynasty.That the long-term Establishment of military Town and the long-term guard of the royal family of Northern Wei Dynasty reflected in Epitaph Literature explains the central government attached importance to the Northwest Frontier areas such as Hexi and Xiyu(??).Due to internal instability and other factors,the Northern Wei Dynasty to the northwest frontier management lack of internal sustained power.Of course,The management of the Northern Wei Dynasty,especially the establishment of the Xiaowei(??)of Xiyu,also laid a foundation for the expansion of the Xiyu during the Sui and Tang dynasties.Several epitaphs unearthed in recent years reflect that "Anxi Duhu"(????)had been set up in Sui Dynasty.The appearance of "Anxi Duhu" in the Sui Dynasty has a close connection with the management of Xiyu,which Yangguang and Peijv tried to "beat Han and Tang dynasties".Its establishment may be to make up for the high power vacuum in the region after Peijv's(??)left Xiyu.The "Anxi Duhu" in the Sui Dynasty was directly related to the Sogdian people,who played an important role in the area.This may also provide favorable conditions for Gaochang's "Yi he coup"(????)to be promoted from behind the scenes.The use of epitaph literature can be used to examine the details of the Tang Dynasty Northwest Frontier management.Beginning from the western part of Guanzhong,after eliminating and absorbing the scattered separatist forces in the border areas,the Tang Dynasty Northwest Frontier was finally managed continuously,which was very popular for a while.After that,the Tang Dynasty and ancient Tibet fought a long war,but they were racing together bridle to bridle.However,the Central Plains changed,the Longyou(??)empty,the whole of the Tang Dynasty Northwest Frontier management was slightly lost,finally can only curl up back to the Guanzhong area.One of the reasons is the collapse of the Hu-Han Community.On the contrary,in the process of continuous expansion of the territory,the Hu-Han Community,which has been merged since the Northern Dynasty,has played a very important role.In a word,the evolution of Hu tribes' surname and the history of the frontier seen in the epitaph of the middle ancient times show us three parts:The formation of Hu nationality's Chinese identity and the details of the Northwest Frontier management in the Middle Ancient period,historical contributions made by the Hu-Han Community to the formation of the Sui and Tang dynasties Empire and the extremely prosperous Territory of the Tang Dynasty.The above also describes the growth and stability of the pattern of "pluralistic integration" in the Middle Ancient period,the exuberant vitality and the overall security degree of the border areas under the order of East Asia.The purpose of this paper is by combing the literature,observing the history and learning from the history,we can understand the ancient times and review the present,with a view to providing reference information for the current frontier culture security,peripheral relations,border governance,frontier theory construction.