Research On Mandarin Chinese Nominal Sentences In Discourse

Discourse is not only a Language phenomenon,but also a kind of psychological structure of interlocutors.The discourse begins with speaker or writer's communicative intention and end with external language.The spoken discourse generated by the interaction between the speaker and the hearer.The written discourse generated in write's mind firstly,then packaged with certain language form,then attained by reader through text.Sentence is the basic unit of the discourse,and it is also the material basis of discourse construction.Chinese nominal sentence(CNS)is a vital type of Chinese sentence and it is an important resource to construct discourse.CNS construct discourse by using its function of topic,coherence and information structure with form of nominal minor sentence and clause.Topic is generated by speaker or writer's communicative intention.Then communication goals and language forms are set up.Process of conceptual discourse is different from actual discourse,which lies in the former is the process of the decomposition and the latter is the process of extension.Essentially,topic is the a kind of cognitive reference point,which is the starting point of cognition and provides the path to reach cognitive goal.Topic packed from noun attracts comment to form Topic-Comment(TC)structure by relationship of argument and register.Topic can control a comment,which constitutes full sentence;and it also can control several comments,which constitutes compound sentences.Full sentence is basic hierarchy of discourse structure,complex sentence is extended hierarchy of discourse structure.Both of the two hierarchy are the base of discourse formation.Coherence is the basic attribute of discourse.By the guidance of a series of macro and micro plans,the speaker or writer can ensure the coherence of the discourse and construct a coherent discourse.Macro and micro coherence plans are firstly formed in the mind of the speaker or writer,and then emerge as macro and micro coherence in actual discourse by specific language forms and means.Macro coherence can be achieved by CNS's identity of the discourse topic,and micro coherence can be achieved by CNS's topic identity and lexical-semantic competence.Language is a tool of information transmission,and the process of discourse generation is also the process of information transmission.The speaker or writer construct information structure when he/she construct the discourse.CNS's information roles and information structure is determined by communicative intention and strategies of speaker or writer.Spoken discourse is constructed by communication of interlocutor.In written discourse,CNS provide object and frame as encoded background information;and construct discourse by dual identity of old and new information.Topic,coherence and information structure are the basic problems in discourse.From perspective of speaker or writer,this paper use CNS as clue to deal with those basic problems.The research will have a positive effect in linguistics,language teaching and natural language processing.