Research On Key Technologies For Restoration And Reinforcement Of The Original Appearance Of Ancient Murals And Cultural Relics

The polychrome cultural relics are the carrier of the Chinese civilization.Since the Stone Age,the human development in different periods of science,technology,culture,customs,religious beliefs and other information has been recorded by the polychrome cultural relics which are an important part of human civilization and have the extremely great value of historical,cultural and artistic.However,during the thousands of years,the polychrome cultural relics suffered from destruction in different grades by human and the natural environment such as light,oxygen,wat er,harmful gas in the atmosphere,dust,particles.The phenomenon such as Chapping,shedding,shattering,fading is more and more serious.How to improve the stabilization of the polychrome culture relics and prolong the storage life becomes the responsibility of contemporarycultural relic protector.With the development of science and technology,organic polymer materials with excellent permeability,pellicle,adhesive,transparent,water resistance and corrosion resistance,are applied more and more widely in the protection of cultural relics.The polychrome cultural relics itself deterioration is accelerated for the reason that these materials to protect the colored relics deteriorate differently for the diversity of storage environment,the difference of protective material and the influence of light,temperature and humidity.Therefore,the aging problem of organic polymer material has become one of important and difficult points that cultural relic protection material research meet.The research of traditional cultural relic protection material focuses on the basic requirements such as colorless,transparent and reversible.The study about resistance to ageing and light aging study and the comprehensive and systematic evaluation methods of resistance to ageing and light aging are absence.This paper mainly includes the following aspects:The disease of cultural relics and the causes are introduced firstly in the prolegomenon;Followed by the requirements of protection material to cultural relics,the application of high polymer material in the protection of cultural relics and the description of the measurement method and measuring instrument about polymer stability;finally the characteristics of the fluorine resin material which this paper focuses on and the mechanism which the oxidation process are introduced.For cleaning the surface soil,it is difficult to avoid the shedding of pigment in this cases that most of the painted pottery unearthed cultural relics painted layer's internal cements ageing is serious,and its cohesion and adhesion is greatly reduced;and its covering soil and painted layer bonded to a surface is firm,and the adhesive force is greater than the adhesion of the painting layer and the ceramic surface.In order to solve this problem,this paper put forward firstly a new method that is reinforcing painted layer overall,followed by soil cleaning up.According to the requirements of the reinforcement for cultural relics protection,the research of aqueous fluorine about reversibility,film forming property,permeability,transmittance,acid-proof alkaline,permeability,reversible,reinforcement theory and reinforcement method,and the study on microstructure of stainless steel have been done.F2314 resin as raw material is modified as reinforcement materials of polychrome cultural relics by acrylic resin M372 with good adhesion,film-formed and chemical stability.The method of thermal analysis(TG),infrared spectroscopy,light transmittance,adhesion,hardness,tensile strength,elongation at break,the contact angle of the blend are used for research.Experimental results show that the M372 in the amount of 30%to 50%improve the adhesion,hardness and tensile strength of F2314 reinforcement.In order to solve the problem of the organic polymer material aging,phenolic antioxidant 1010,1076,phosphite antioxidant 168,DPOP and hindered amine light stabilizers of GW508 are adopted to modify F2314/M372organic polymer cultural relic protection material.The thermal stability and light stability change of F2314and M3 72 blends with the addition of antioxidant,light stabilizers are focused on.The isothermal and nonisothermal weightlessness method and evaluation of antioxidant on oxidation are inducted to research the effect of F2314/M3 72 blends on thermal stability;the method of thermal analysis,diffuse reflectance,gloss,yellowing index are adopted to evaluate the thermal stability effect on F2314/M3 72 blends with hindered amine light stabilizers of GW508.Experimental results show that phenolic antioxidants101 and phosphite antioxidant DPOP causes very good synergistic effect,using mixed ratio of 2:1,F2314/M372 blends thermal decomposition temperature and maximum decomposition rate of temperature are improved.And hindered amine light stabilizers GW508 can not only reduce the decrease in gloss relatively,but also improve yellowing index with good gloss retention.The compound of light stabilizer and antioxidant,in mixed ratio of 1:2,has a good synergistic effect on improving the blending system thermal performance,light stability.Using spectrophotometer for the samples of the modified F2314/M372 blends applied to the painted surface artifacts to monitor cultural relics in color,infrared spectrum,gloss,yellowing index,after aging before and after aging strengthening;and using indicators such as acid and alkali resistance,water resistance,air permeability,reversible to estimate,it is found that each of its performance have been improvedIt is difficult to show its color for the reasons that painted artifacts become dull luster,white,gray,or even expose the base color for disease and painted artifacts covered by soil.In order to solve this problem,criminology knowledge is introduced firstly in this paper.According to the characteristics of polychrome cultural relics unearthed,the effects of pigment content,surface roughness,dust,soil on pigment color are researched.Based on the research,an evaluation method which is used to apparent reinforcement agent appearing mechanism is put forward.In the end of the paper,Two practical application effection that mausoleums of Southern Tang tomb painting rescued,Xi'an Hanjiawan Tang tomb rescued are introduced,it can be seen that the RFC stability is good and the original cultural relics is restorated.