The Cognition Of The "Soviet Russian Road" In The Intelligentsia Of China(1917-1937)

After the October Revolution,Russia established the first socialist country in the world and embarked on the road of socialist development from then on.China's intelligentsia have poured in a constant stream of enthusiasm and belief on what is happening in this new country,leaving a rich number of books,communications,etc.These data are not only the most immediate "China Record" and "China Cognition"about the road taken by the Soviet Russian,but also the most faithful record of the Chinese intellectual man's cognition of the socialist road at that time.Therefore,combing and studying the cognition of the "Soviet Russia Road" from the year of 1917 to 1937 can not only trace the origin,expand the vision,explore the connotation of the socialist road in the vision of intelligentsia,but also enrich the meaning and connotation of the socialist road expand the field of Marxist theory in the vision of intelligentsia;It can also provide theoretical,academic value and practical significance for understanding today's socialist road in China.From the perspective of history research,this research draws on the theoretical resources of political science,knowledge science,sociology,communication and so on,and adopts the comprehensive method of integrating the holistic approach,the history study,and the comparative studies and so on.Firstly,the changes of Chinese intelligentsia and knowledge production caused by the introduction of Marxism-Leninism after the October Revolution are investigated.Secondly,from the three aspects of politics,economy and culture,this paper analyzes the cognition of the"Soviet Russian road" in the intelligentsia of China,that is,what is the "Soviet Russian road" and what kind of problems are the "Soviet Russian road"?Then it discusses the mirror and reference function of the "Soviet Russian road" to China,that is,how China should do it.Finally,this paper not only discusses the reasons that influence recognition and Welcome or rejection of the "Soviet Russia Road" in the intelligentsia of China.but also refines the universal value indexes that intellectual men relied on when they examined a country's development path at that time.The introduction first explains the value and significance of this research in theory and practice,and then reviews the existing academic literature at home and abroad,looks for the space and understanding path for further research,and defines the core concept.The first chapter mainly discusses the interaction between intelligentsia and Soviet Russia.The October Revolution promoted the spread of "neo-doctrine" in China.The rise of "neo-doctrine" not only changed the state of existence of the Chinese intelligentsia,but also gave new connotation and value to knowledge.And this kind of change has promoted the speed and intensity of the spread of "doctrine".The dynamic relationship between "learning" and "doctrine",which is complementary to each other,is most vividly reflected in the issue of "Soviet Russia".Based on the needs of realistic politics such as "saving country" and "finding a way",the cognition of the Soviet Russian in the intelligentsia of China has gradually changed from a political phenomenon to an academic issue.More and more intellectual men come to Russia and study abroad,set up Soviet Russian research associations,publish publications,discuss their political ecology,system construction,economic development,social life and so on,and give new characteristics to knowledge production related to the Soviet Russian.This chapter is the basis of the research work,and make the necessary preparation for the follow-up research work.The second chapter discusses the cognition of Soviet Russian political development.Intellectual man believe that revolution is not only the key to socialism,but also an important path to realize socialism.It is of great significance not only to Russia,but also to the transformation of the world structure and the establishment of a new model of social development and evolution.They recognized the leadership of the Communist Party as the most important element in the Soviet Russian's success in achieving revolution and construction.In order to deal with the new situation and new problems in the process of development,and to give full play to the leading role of pioneers,the Party must carry on its own construction in order to maintain its advanced nature.The working class and the peasant class are the basic relying forces of the Soviet revolution and construction,and the intellectual,because of their special status and professional characteristics,are also able to rely on strength.In the view of intellectual man,Soviet Russia's party system,collegiate system,election system and so on have their own characteristics.Generally speaking,the evaluation of a country's political operation and political behavior will ultimately be attributed to the differences between democracy and dictatorship,and this cognitive model is particularly incisive when discussing the political development of the Soviet Russian in the intelligentsia.In other words,whether Soviet Russian politics is democratic or dictatorship,socialist democracy and proletarian dictatorship have always been the focus of academic attention.The third chapter discusses the debate on the direction of Soviet Russian economic development in the intelligentsia.During 1917-1937,Soviet Russian economy experienced at least three major adjustments and changes such as military communism policy,new economic policy and planned economy policy.Every adjustment of economic policy has aroused the enthusiastic concern of the intelligentsia.The reason,content,effect and the change of economic development mode caused by the policy adjustment are the focus attention of intellectual man.In their cognition of the direction of Soviet Russia's economic development,capitalism and socialism are always full of differences.In order to strengthen their own views and refute the adversaries' view,intellectual men have carried out careful observation and research from the aspects of ownership form,resource allocation mode,industrialization,collectivization and so on,and have launched a tit-for-tat debate on these issues.The essence of such an argument was to judge the national nature of the Soviet Russian.This decision is undoubtedly important and key to the new country-Soviet Russia,not only directly determining the fate and future of the regime,but also related to its role model and leading value.The fourth chapter discusses the effectiveness cognition of the Soviet Russia's culture and education in the intelligentsia.Intellectual men noticed that the propaganda culture of drama,film,painting,publishing,education and so on all assumed the educational responsibility of shaping new people and guiding society in the Soviet Russia.In their view,the reason that culture can assume the function of educating the people is a result of the joint action of multiple factors,which is related not only to the needs of the culture itself in keeping with the social reality,but also to the renewal of the culture itself.It is the result of the government's push.Intellectual men admit that it is because the Soviet Russian carried out an objective,practical and rational strategy in the process of building a new culture,the Soviet Russian's cultural construction has achieved remarkable results.They believe that the reality environment faced by Soviet Russia is the main reason for the birth of new education,and the only purpose of Soviet education is to train the socialist construction talents needed in the new era.In order to achieve this goal,Soviet Russia has constructed a clear-cut,reasonable type,close to the reality of the education system,this education model which emphasizes both technical training and political literacy is to provide talent support for the rapid development of Soviet Russian construction.The fifth chapter explores the mirror and reference function of the "Soviet Russian road" to China in the eyes of intelligentsia.The political reality of 1917-1937 requires intellectual men's "Soviet Russian road" research to be the only end-result of the study on China.Can China implement the "Soviet Russian road"?How to implement and so on,which are the most concerned problem in the intelligentsia.On the revolutionary path opened up by the Russians,intelligentsia was filled with the conflict of welcome and rejection.In the early 1930s,in order to save the economic crisis,intellectual men hoped to draw lessons from the Soviet Union planned economy development model to promote China to embark on the road of industrialization and modernization as soon as possible,in order to cultivate the vitality of the country and resist foreign enemies.Some scholars also try to find ways or ideas to solve the bankruptcy of China's rural areas from the aspects of the Soviet Union land system,agricultural collectivization,and controlled agriculture.But they also warned that China's economic development should neither copy capitalism nor copy socialism,but should adopt a way of development that is suitable for China's realistic environment,according to the needs of the Republic of China.The conclusion consists of two parts,The first is to analyze and discuss the key factors that affect the cognition and rejection of the "Soviet Russian Road" in the intelligentsia of China;The second is to extract some indexes to determine the connotation and value of the road on the basis of the cognition of the "Soviet Russian Road" in the intelligentsia of China,in the 1920s and 1930s.In modern society,because of the theme of "saving the nation",The relationship between knowledge,academic,thought,Doctrine,Politics and Society is more and more entangled and twisted,and it is difficult to draw a clear line.This special academic ecology is the most obvious and vivid in the intellectual understanding of the "Soviet Russian Road".It is under the comprehensive shaping of many factors,such as realistic stimulation and individual difference,that the cognition of the "Soviet Russian Road" in the intelligentsia of China is rich and pluralistic.The cognition of the "Soviet Russian Road" of each intellectual group clearly reveals the complex meaning of the close integration of academic and political,and this cognitive reality also shows the unique charm of historical development and evolution and the intelligent,tolerance and narrowness of personal cognition.