| This paper is a study on the novels of marriage and love generated in Han,Wei and Six dynasties,the text is consisted by five chapters except for two appendices.The first.chapter discusses the origin of classical love novels.The myths of marriage and love represent the influence of folk tales on the origin of love and marriage novels,as early as in the.formative stage of these myths,they have already contained some of the common motif in later marriage novels.The influence of Miscellaneous History Literature represented by Han Wu Story and Xi Jing Miscellany on the Love and Marriage novels is mainly concentrated on the theme of court beauty or the story of imperial concubines,this is determined by the content of history and miscellaneous history books.Miscellaneous literature is represented by Biographies of the Women and Biographies of the Filial,they molded and reflected the sentimental view of the Han Dynasty,Han did not advocate love,but to advocate the feudal female morality of being devoted to chastity and filial piety.There is also a relationship between Han-Wei love Fu,YueFu poetry and the emergence of love and marriage novels,because the theme of love and marriage is one of the contents of court literature and art,the performance of Fu literature,YueFu poetry,ancient novels on the theme of love and marriage in varying degrees are affected by the palace literature and art environment,it also leads to the mutual influence of different genres on the themes and artistic techniques.The second chapter discusses the " God-mankind love" novels,which are mainly about the encounters and communication between the human and gods(fairies).The related texts are divided into three categories:novels related to folk tales,Taoist novels and literati novels.The text and motif of a considerable number of "God-mankind love" novels come from folk tales,according to the type of folktale induction,the related texts can be divided into four categories:the swan maiden stories;the conch girl stories,the sexual encounter stories of fairy grotto and the stories of the fairy comes down to the human world.There are many God-mankind encounter stories in the novels created by the Taoists in the Six Dynasties,among them,the story of Xi Wang Mu meets with an emperor and the story of inspiration from Goddess are two representative types.In this period,there are many novels related to the Xi Wang Mu,but the purport is different.And the story of inspiration from Goddess is represented by the stories of the encounter between Goddess and man in Zhen Gao,in this book,the Goddess use the fate of marriage to induce the mortals to learn the immortals,which is considered to be an important and effective means of inspiration,embodies the strong abstinence tendency of the upper Qing school.During the Six Dynasties,there were also a part of the " God-mankind love"novels which were written by the literati,however,there is a process of infiltration of the writer's consciousness.Cheng Gong Zhiqiong,Du Lanxiang and others represent the early literati's record-type novels,Shi Yi Ji and Dong Ming Ji are mixture of necromancers" novel and literati's novel,Ji Shen Yi Yuan and Ba Chao Shen Guai Lu,the novels written by the literati at the end of the Six Dynasties,which are the first pure novels of literati.In the " God-mankind love" novels generated in Han,Wei and Six dynasties,"Goddess-Man type " account for the overwhelming majority,the main reasons why the goddess dominates the situation are:the understanding of Goddess in folk beliefs in the Six Dynasties,the author's team of pre-Tang novels is a single-sex male group,"the Divine Woman" literary traditions and so on.The third chapter discusses the "ghost-mankind love" novels in the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties,the related texts can be divided into "ghost marriage novels" and "soul novels",the marriage and love relationship between people and ghosts is the key difference between the two.The "ghost marriage novels" can be divided into four categories according to the way in which the hero and heroine encounter each other:Visit and Self-recommendation type,Once and Again type,Meeting and Entry Mound type,Encounter in the Underworld type.Some of these works are relatively mature in art,such as "Lu Chong" and "Wang Jingbo".The story of "ghost-mankind love" in n soul novels " can be divided into four types:attachment of the dead,farewell of the dead,punishment of the dead,recompense/revenge of the dead.The soul novels reflected the people's understanding of spirit,emotion and life at that time,show a strong sense of life.The motif of "rise from the dead",the motif of "ghost and mankind have a child" and the motif of "reappearance of funerary objects" are three important motifs in the "ghost-mankind love" novels.The motif of" rise from the dead " manifests itself in the form of body resurrection and soul return,the former is related to Sexology.The " ghost and mankind have a child " motif has the literary function of promoting the plot development and the literary meaning of expressing the life consciousness.The emergence of the " reappearance of funerary objects " motif has an important relationship with the prevalence of the tomb theft activities during the Han-Wei and Six Dynasties period.The generation of "ghost-mankind love"novels is related to the folk customs of ghost marriage,ghost beliefs and tomb theft activities,and female ghost novels are more than male ghost novels,the reasons are that women's living conditions,especially the needs of unmarried and adolescent girls for marriage,traditional Yin-Yang concepts,and "male semen worship" psychology,the author's male center position,etc.The fourth chapter studies the novels of "mankind-goblin love" with the basic content of "goblin turns into mankind and copulates with mortals",it can be divided into two types:"male goblin and woman type" and "female goblin and man type".The"male goblin and woman" novels can be divided into three types:Male goblin take someone's wife type,Impersonate others to deceive one's feelings type and Deception of unmarried young girls type.Repression of lust and feelings of women is the most important reason for the production of " male goblin and woman " novels,but fundamentally,male goblins novels do not reflect sexual life,its theme lies in the breakdown and reconstruction of family ethics." Female goblin and man" novels can be divided into "the female goblins come to the door" and "men go out" two types,from the inside and outside,they explained the physical and emotional changes that took place in men in reality.Some goblin prototypes are very important in"mankind-goblin love" novels,it was during the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties that the fox,which later developed into a staple goblin,established its image of " seductively charming".And some uncommon animals such as tigers and krakens can enter the novels of "mankind-goblin love",which are mainly influenced by Buddhist literature.There are some unique motifs in the "mankind-genie love" novels,such as deformation,birth,and exorcism.In the novels of Han,Wei and Six dynasties,the motif of deformation are very brief,it is not so much a literary creation as a collective subconscious under the age of witchcraft.In this period,the birth motifs in"mankind-goblin love" novels are not very much,but they are very thought-provoking,many goblin prototypes are aquatic animals,this is mainly influenced by the induced myth of water god,which is represented by the dragon induced myth.The birth motifs in the monkey demon novels and fox fictions reflects the sharp national conflicts in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties and the difficult process of intermarriage among different ethnic groups,and the motif of exorcism is directly related to the origin of the "mankind-goblin love" novels.The fifth Chapter discusses the secular love novels in which both sides are mortals,according to the protagonist's identity;they can be divided into three categories:court love story,nobleman marriage love story,and folk marriage and love story.The court love novels of the Han,Wei,and Six Dynasties are represented by the related stories in the Han Wu Story,Xi Jing Miscellany and Shi Yi Ji,these three are also the most representative historical novels of this period.The nobleman marriage and love novels are mainly concentrated in the Zhi Ren's novels of the Six Dynasties,which are presented by Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Du Ji.On the one hand,the stories of marriage and love in Shi Shuo Xin Yu reflect the celebrities,attitude of challenging etiquette and indulging in marriage and love,on the other hand,they also reflect the improvement and limitation of the status of the powerful families' women in marriage.Du Ji takes the story of jealous women as its theme,it has the motive and purpose of anti-jealous women.During the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties,the number of love and marriage novels with the characters of the civilian class as the protagonists was relatively small,some narratives cannot even be called novels,the reflection of the marriage and love life of the civilians in this period was mainly achieved by the mystery novels.In the novels of marriage and love between Han,Wei and six dynasties,there are many classic themes that have been handed down to later generations,such as "Wang Zhaojun" story,"Zhao Feiyan" story,"Qin Luofu" story and so on.One of the reasons why these stories are classic is because of the group of artists,it is through the interpretation and dissemination of artists that some love stories become classics.Appendix I differentiates Pre-Tang novel collections which the author and the time of the book are controversial.Appendix II contains three articles related to Beauty Fu,because these three cases have an important relationship with love and marriage novels,therefore a special chapter is opened,attached to the end of the article. |
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