A Study Of Analogical Reasoning In The Perspective Of Logic

Analogical reasoning,as an important form of reasoning,has become an important research content in the fields of logic,psychology,law,and computer science.The object of logic research is reasoning.Therefore,the theoretical research based on logic is the most basic and the most important.At present,the study of analogical reasoning in foreign countries shows a trend of gradual deepening of the theory,widening of content,and an increase of empirical strength.In contrast,the domestic research is relatively lack of theoretical and systematic,mostly for the introduction of foreign theory,only in a limited range of some preliminary empirical analysis.Comprehensive and in-depth theoretical analysis and attemps of practice-oriented application have yet to be expanded.Starting from the perspective of logic,this article conducts a systematic and in-depth theoretical exploration of the core content of analogical reasoning such as definitions,classifications,properties,and schemes.Based on this,it also attempts some applications.This is of great significance to logic and other related disciplines.This article is divided into six chapters,the specific content is as follows:The first chapter introduces the overall idea of the paper,including:background,goals,content,theory,methods and the structure of the paper.The second chapter combs the research of analogical reasoning both at home and abroad,clarifies the insufficiency of domestic research,points out the results that can be used for reference,and the direction and value of this study.The third chapter answers the most fundamental question of analogical reasoning from three aspects:the definition,classification,and basic properties of analogical reasoning.What is analogical reasoning?Based on content,domain constraints,conclusions,functions,etc.,this article classifies analogical reasoning.This article points out three basic properties of analogical reasoning:structural mapping,semantic similarity,and cognitive pragmatics.The fourth chapter,after qualitative analysis of analogical reasoning,we need to accurately grasp the structure and process of this reasoning.Therefore,this chapter starts from the three dimensions of the theories of Toulmin's argumentation,pragma-dialectic and plausible reasoning,and conducts an in-depth study of the scheme of analogical reasoning.The analysis of the scheme of analogical reasoning is of great significance for screening and dealing with complex analogical arguments and analogy argumentations.The fifth chapter analyzes the application of analogical reasoning from two aspects of criticism and social practice.Logic is the study of effective reasoning.Therefore,from the perspective of logic,the application of analogical reasoning is mainly reflected in identification errors,and then make a strong refutation.There are four types of analogy refutation:false analogy refutation,misanalogy refutation,disanalogy refutation,and counter-analogy refutation.In addition,analogical reasoning is still the most basic cognitive ability and means.It exists and permeates all aspects of social life.Therefore,we analyze the application of analogical reasoning in four most significant areas of social practice:science,linguistics,law,and teaching.The sixth chapter summarizes the full text,points out the main conclusions and innovations of this study,and looks forward to the future related research.