Research On The Worship Custom Of Barhu Shaman

This dissertation studies the worship customs of Balhu shaman.Balhu tribe is the oldest branch of Mongolian nationality.They have believed in Shamanism since ancient times.There are few areas where Mongolian people can preserve their shamanistic traditions.In Hulunbuir,Shamanism remains among the chenbalhu people.Their religion retains its original character.The Balhu shaman culture has not been fully studied so far.Recent recoveries have not caught the attention of academics.The theoretical research on Balhu Shamanism’s world outlook,system of gods,worship concept and custom is relatively lagging behind.Balhu Shamanism bears a large amount of historical information and basic elements of primitive cultural thinking,which involve their view of life,ethics and excellent custom tradition.Scholars haven’t studied these things in depth in the past.It is of great significance and value to study these problems step by step.The information in this dissertation is collected by the author himself.This is the material about the worship object and sacrificial ceremony of Balhu Shamanism and the data basis of this dissertation.The author summarizes the previous researches on Balhu shaman.The existing problems in the current research are analyzed.According to this problem,the research objectives and tasks are determined.This dissertation systematically summarizes and sorts out the materials of Balhu Shamanism.Compare Balhu Shamanism with other ethnic or tribal Shamanism.We decided to dig deep into the historical and cultural roots of Balhu Shamanism.The research basis and evidence of this dissertation are obtained by the author through field investigation and collection.The author reads and learns from the related research results of predecessors.The author has mastered his own professional theoretical knowledge and research methods.The problems of Balhu shaman are analyzed theoretically.It includes shaman’s hierarchy,shaman’s inheritance system,shaman’s ceremony of becoming a shaman,shaman’s vocational training,shaman’s social function,shaman’s clothing,shaman’s religious utensils.It also includes Shamanism’s view of universe,world view,view of soul,worship system of gods and sacrificial sites created by various artistic means.A small part is devoted to the study of Balhu shaman’s poetry.This dissertation studies the status and historical contribution of shaman song in Mongolian literature,analyzes many characteristics of the content and form of shaman songs.Finally,the author elaborates his own thoughts on the development of Balhu shaman culture.This dissertation consists of an introduction,three chapters of the main body and conclusion,appendix and so on.In the introduction part,the author summarizes the research history,achievements and current situation on the Mongolian Shamanism and Balhu Shamanism,analyses and studies the existing problems,puts forward the research topics,objectives and tasks,research methods,and the significance of the topic selection.In the first chapter,based on folk myths,archaeological discoveries,rock paintings,and historical records,the author puts forward the view that the Balhu is a Mongolian ethnic group originating from the lakeside of Baikal and subordinated to the tribal consortium of ancient ethnic Ding Zero for a long time.This chapter introduces the development of Balhu Shamanism in three historical periods:prehistoric period,ancient and modern period,modern and contemporary period.The Balhu people live in the great environment of the Altaic ethnic group.They live in concentrated areas around Lake Baikal and the Hulunbuir area.Balhu people have made a historical contribution to the emergence,dissemination,exchange and development of shamanism culture in the world.After the reform and opening up,Balhu’s shamanism revived.This chapter analyzes the present situation,the source of vitality and the regional characteristics of Balhu shamanism,as well as the reasons and development trend of the recovery of Balhu shamanism.In the second chapter,the author makes a detailed theoretical analysis of the rank,inheritance system,religious ceremony,multi-ethnic cultural blending,social responsibility,status and function,and funeral customs of the Balhu Shaman,and puts forward his own views on the origin and meaning of the word"Teli".In-depth analysis of the Balhu shaman of the following words:such as "Orgui(clothes)","hosoi(mirror)","Maihuuji(hat)","abagaaldai(Shaman’s mask)","sahiuus jangia(rope on the neck)","Dabiguur(drum stick)","horbi(walking stick),"arshaaluur(washing broom)"and"naiman suudal(8),etc.The author studied the historical characteristics and regional characteristics of these shaman costumes and utensils,as well as their historical information,cultural meaning,worship consciousness,ecological ethics,folk knowledge and other issues.In the third chapter,the author discusses the ideological system of Balhu Shamanism and the worship system of gods,and analyzes the cosmological view,natural view,soul view and many worship objects.There are five categories of gods worshipped.The author analyzes the site and art of ritual worship and worship of Balhu shaman,and classifies the ritual and custom of Balhu shaman.The ancient rituals and customs of worshiping heaven,offering sacrifices to fire,and offering sacrifices to aobao were studied.The environmental protection consciousness in the sacrificial ceremony and the life ethics in the sacrificial ceremony of water god are discussed.From the perspective of content and form,this chapter studies and analyses the democratic ideas,authenticity,narrative mode,sentence characteristics,the role of auxiliary words and interjections,ancient words and idioms,vocabulary expressing,old concepts and customs,historical information,the symbolic meaning of the color of things and livestock,graceful sentences,the internal connection with other forms of folk literature,the relationship between the content of divine songs and custom,and the performance characteristics of many other aspects.At last,the author looks forward to the future development of Balhu shaman culture,and puts forward his own views on the protection,development and inheritance of Balhu Shaman culture.The appendix is the special vocabulary notes in the Balhu shaman culture,the original materials and information such as the Balhu Shaman God songs and Balhu shaman introduction excerpted by the author,which are used by the academic community for reference.This dissertation reproduces the history of the development of Balhu Shamanism.