Mythological-Archetypal Criticism Over Duanmu Hongliang's Novel

The construction of multiple culture background of Duanmu Hongliang mainly includes May fourth enlightenment culture and unique northeastern original culture.Fruitful achievements have been reached in various researches including left-wing literature,literature from a group of northeast Chinese writers as well as the anti-Japanese literature from the perspective of May fourth enlightenment culture.However,the personalized culture research,from the northeastern original culture,is still far from sufficiency.Therefore,this paper selects the perspective of northeastern original culture relations to study on Duanmu Hongliang's novels.Originated in the beginning of 20^th century,the theory of criticism over mythological prototype has relatively high accommodation with traditional features in Duanmu Hongliang's novel.Therefore,it offers us an important perspective to study on the extremely personalized Duanmu's novel which deeply roots in the tradition of northeastern Goddess original culture.The theory of myth archetype puts emphasis on identifying and concluding the archetypical literary form which is repeatedly seen,narration or presentation form,rendering the researches over specific works more profoundly understood on the culture as a whole.Based on this theory,after reading his works in details,the author starts with religious relations of myth archetype and then conducts multiple-dimension perspective from several aspects,namely image,narration,look and aesthetic.It aims at restoring the context of northeast original culture to explore the unique cultural meaning and its presentation form in Duanmu's novel.Moreover,it focuses on how to make perspective of distinct society appearance in Northeast and the historical transformation process of complex spiritual world in Northeastern people from the relations between people and earth by Duanmu.Therefore,this paper could conduct entire investigation and analyzes the myth archetype structure over his novels.From the personal experience,folk ritual,Shanma's story and Dream in Red Mansion to the research over Goddess in western River Liao in Northeast,this paper,with grand perspective,wholly holds the unique charm and narration significance within Goddess myth archetype among Duanmu's novels,thus sorting up the clear picture of the myth archetype of Goddess,the son of earth from image,narration,look to aesthetic.It researches the novel in detail,carefully analyzing and explaining the significance and influence on entire narrative structure,image and aesthetics in the novel given by myth archetype of Goddess,the son of earth,with combination of the author's traditional resource culture background to explore the way Duanmu's Goddess myth archetype and the distinct and strong Goddess's culture spirit which is embodied in the novel,therefore the paper discovers the distinct and important contribution of the novel.This paper covers seven parts including introduction,main contents in five chapters and conclusion.Introduction starts with two issues,namely history and myth as well as modern and tradition,which demonstrates the value and significance of adopting mythological prototype to criticize the theories and studies.It also concludes the current researches of Duanmu and confirms how to begin the discourse.Chapter one initially aims to clear up the basic issues such as the possibilities and necessities for Duanmu edified by Goodness and puts the pave way for conducting detailed investigation and discussion on how to express the topic selection of Goddess archetype in Duanmu's novel.A work by one writer may be the description and representation of real life,however,Duanmu's cultural background still plays an important role in expressing the real life and he shapes the world in accordance with its own pattern.The formation of Duanmu's culture is profound and diverse.Duanmu obtains the cultural background of Goddess from two aspects:on one hand,he is infected by his mother's own experience story,Shanman Goddess story with sacrificial activities,greater culture tradition formed by folk custom and ceremony experienced by himself.On the other hand,he obtains the small traditional culture background by learning from reading written stories such as A Dream in Red Mansions,Goddess and Greek Goddess Story.With both of influence of greater culture background and written small culture background,Duanmu forms a very unique creation view of Goddess.Chapter two firstly demonstrates the significance of myth archetype contained in the important birth folk custom“Luocao”which means putting the baby into hay when the baby is born in Northeast and discusses earth is the second mother of human being.“Luocao”is the symbol form of the second time for human being born from earth.This symbol form enables human being to establish a kind of religious spirit connection with earth.The son of earth is related to the myth archetype of structural relations between earth and Son of the Earth.Based on this understanding,it sorts up the unique image of earth in the novel:“abundant breast and fat buttocks”of Goddess in physical feature,“giving birth and creating life”in maternity function.Therefore,it discusses the Goddess symbol of earth.The Goddess myth archetype of son of earth constitutes with following parts:firstly,Duanmu not only describes the female of earth with the maternity feature,but expresses the reproductive function and creation function of earth,therefore,it deeply shows the mother-and-son relations between human being and earth,describing the unconscious recognition by farmers to earth,the mother earth.Secondly,the recognition relation between farmers and earth:mother god of earth and Goddess is no longer the pure understanding of production materials held by farms to earth,but contains a kind of religious thought emotion worshiped by Goddess.Thirdly,the recognition of mother-and-son relation between farmers and earth is also linked with ancient myth that is Goddess worship and earth mother worship.Fourthly,the recognition of mother-and-son relation between farmers and earth also concludes the remote memory to a kind of female culture model.Goddess is a kind of myth image based on the archetype of female.Goddess myth is a life model based on the archetype of female culture,creation,contribution,inclusiveness and harmony,after which the paper makes further discussion for the historical tradition based on myth archetype towards Goddess of Earth.Based on analyzing the symbolism of the earth god in the second chapter,the third one demonstrates the mythical prototype of the goddess from deep structures within the earth story.The deep structure is a re-enactment of the mythological archetypes of the children of the earth,demonstrating the relationship between the Mother Earth and Son of the Earth as well as Mother God and Son of God.It also introduces the attachment by Son of Earth towards Mother Earth from the perspective of religion and emotion.It shows the earth as Mother God and Goddess is significant to create and regenerate the son of God.What is more important is to show the most profound,primitive,and savage resistance that erupted from the Son of Earth in order to defend the Mother of Land.We found that Duanmu started from the mythical prototype of Son of Earth,from the perspective of the earth,the relationship between the peasant and the religious religion of the earth,as well as the relationship between Goddess and Son of God.In this way,he found the inner strength from those people in Northeastern China to survive,grow,and resist in the hot and humid era.It is the unique place of Duanmu to transcend contemporary enlightenment writers.By analyzing the mythological prototype of the deep structure within his novels,the narrative meaning and cultural significance of the goddess mythological prototype are discussed.The fourth chapter discusses that the female image in Duanmu's novel is the replacement deformation of the goddess.From the relationship between the land and the female,the female image in Duanmu's novels is separated into four sequences,and then the identity between the earth and the female is discussed.When the Mother Earth appeared to be a human being,it represents a metaphor for the human mother.From the perspective of mythological archetypes,people equally treats the privilege of birth and reproduction as well as Mother Earth and human beings,because Mother Earth and the women of the world are equivalent and mutually agreeable based on the mythological thinking.This paper explores the causes of the tragic fate of women under the male-authorized civilization and the consistency of women with the prototype of the goddess in the creation,gestation,tolerance and other life values.In an era abound with class supplants and wars,returning to the goddess is characterized by spiritual salvation and cultural healing.The desire for peace and the respect for life creation are the living conditions that everyone desires in any era.The expression of this culture renders Duanmu's novels transcend the limitations of the times and become part of the eternal culture.It further discusses two cultural traditions of shaping female images by Duanmu.In the fifth chapter,based on the study of the hidden goddess structure among Duanmu's novels,it demonstrates the aesthetic form representation of the goddess mythological prototype from the perspective of literary aesthetics.By analyzing the poetic characteristics of his novels,this chapter explores the relationship between the poetic form and the divine content.Under the influence of shaman mythology,Duanmu novels always have the factor of divine culture.The divinity is the original core of poetry rooted in the shamanistic mythology while poetry manifests the divinity.Within the framework of divinity,this chapter discusses the relationship between melancholy style and consciousness of returning.