Research On Hegel's Thoughts Of Free History

Through the learning of the thought history,this dissertation confirms that freedom is the core concept of Hegel's philosophy,and points out that "freedom" in Hegel's philosophy contains four characteristics : Absolutheit,Vermittler,Geschichte und Zweckgerichtehei.Freedom is not an abstract concept,but an objective reality.Human society is the most solid expression of freedom in the real world,and freedom is the true nature of human beings and the life they deserve.Hegel's thought of free history contains three levels of meaning: firstly,the true freedom must be the freedom to realize the self.The freedom itself is the history,and the history is the way freedom is.Secondly,the history of freedom is the process that spirit getting rid of the dependence and gradually seeking its own essence.The manifestation of freedom to realize itself is the spiritual pursuit of maturity and the history of freedom is the history of the spirit pursuing maturity.Thirdly,the history of mankind is getting towards the history of freedom.The history of mankind is guided by freedom.Each stage of it is derived from the coordinating development of freedom.Because the purpose of freedom——the development of human society has a direction.Based on the above-mentioned point of views,this dissertation on Hegel's theory of freedom history will be carried out in following stages.Firstly,before Hegel,Kant tried to reconcile the contradiction between the mechanical theory and the free will.For Kant,the existence of freedom is inevitable,but the realization of freedom in the real world requires the "eternal" reason(God)as a guarantee.Hegel thinks that "die Substanz an ihr selbst Subjekt ist",and the absolute thinking is the beginning of freedom.The establishment of the self-consciousness is the self-cognition and self-manifestation of the "essence",and the world is in the present consciousness.Absolute thinking is absolute creativity.Absolute spirit should embody itself in the world and turn itself into reality and concrete.Time is the place where freedom realizes itself,and freedom expresses itself as a series of contingencies in time."Appearing in the real world" is the logic of freedom itself,which is the inevitable requirement of freedom.Secondly,based on Ph?nomenologie des Geistes,this article discussed the process,in which desire individual evolves into self-consciousness with real life content.Hegel believes that the self-creation of the free spirit is the processes of developing that consciousness controlled by the law of natural cause and effect evolves into independent self-consciousness,in other words,the spirit of freedom transforms itself into the developing process of human consciousness.Consciousness gets rid of nature and slavery,and transforms itself into self-consciousness.Being one part of the law of natural cause and effect,man is enslaved by nature,but in essence,man is more than this.He should be "free" through a course of the process,and the world history is the history of the human‘s transformation from a natural creature to a freeman.This dissertation declares that the breakthroughs and transcendence of the natural desire and relationship between master and servant is an important turning point of being a freeman.During this processes,labor plays the most crucial role in transforming the human beings.Being a self-consciousness of thinking should strengthen itself into "objective spirit" in social practice,and become the universal conscience of human beings.Freedom would be spread over the world and generally accepted by all individuals.Thirdly,freedom should be the reality of the world.In other words,freedom is the achievement of freedom in the whole world without universality.This dissertation concerns that in Hegel's philosophy,the realization of the ultimate purpose is not the direct purpose of the limited rational individual-the limited rational individual seeks its own purpose in the limited rational range,which is a purposeless consciousness for the ultimate purpose,but it has finally contributed to the realization of the ultimate purpose because of the purposeful action of the limited rational individual.The realization of the ultimate purpose is the completion of the free realities and the end of the prehistory of mankind,which is the inevitable end of history.This dissertation argues that the widespread view of "historical end" misunderstands Hegel's historical Teleology in some basic logic and conclusions.Hegel's view of freedom of history enlightens Marx-Marx has inherited and developed Hegel view of freeing people in labor.At the same time,it also shows that,both in theory and practice,freedom is the common enterprise of people and provides guidance for the development of human history.This dissertation holds that Marx inherits and develops Hegel's thought about labor and alienation,thus establishing a human liberation history with the labor as a keynote,that is,labor creates the essential aspect of human beings,and only by labor man can break through the alienation of labor and thus realize the freedom.The study of Hegel's view of freedom history will help us to study Marx's ideal of a better life for human society and learn more about other outstanding thinkers 'descriptions of the future world,after all,the ideal itself is enough to prove that our idea is worth to pursue for.