Material Practice World-an Understanding Of Three Basic Categories Of Marxist Philosophy

There are many different understandings and opinions on what is "true Marxist philosophy".Throughout the different opinions of different schools,the important causes of the divergence are often based on some more basic theoretical issues.Material,practice and world are three important basic categories of Marxist philosophy and the key to comprehensively and accurately understand the essential characteristics of Marxist philosophy.People's different understandings of the essential characteristics of Marxist philosophy mainly come from different understandings of these basic categories.In view of this,this topic focuses on the three categories of Marxist philosophy: material,practice and world,re-reading classical works,and combining with the research results of domestic academic circles on these three categories and related issues since the reform and opening up,trying to re-examine their connotative essence and interrelationship in an all-round way,in order to promote a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the essence of Marxist philosophy.Chapter One discusses Marx,Engels and Lenin's exposition of " material ".Marx indirectly expounded his new materialism in the process of criticizing the intuition of old materialism and revealing the law of capitalist economy.He emphasized that the object,reality and sensibility should be understood from the perspective of dialectical unity of subject and object,and pointed out that the object,reality and perceptual should be understood as "the activity of perceptual people".Although Marx focuses on the nature and its material which are directly related to human practice in his works,he does not understand the nature and its material which have not entered the field of direct practice as something completely unrelated to human practice.Because nature is a universal organic whole.The relationship between man and the local nature can also be seen as the relationship between man and the whole nature.The direct influence of practice on one part of nature can also be regarded as the indirect influence on all other parts of nature.Therefore,Free Natural and Humanized Nature,Natural Material and Social Material,Natural Existence and Social Existence are relative,and there is no absolute gap between them.Engels systematically expounded his new materialism in the process of opposing the ideas of idealists such as Dulin and the metaphysics of modern natural scientists and old materialists.Engels' view of nature is based on the great achievements of modern natural science and philosophy.Engels' view of nature can not be simply attributed to intuitive materialism because he emphasizes the explanation of nature from the nature itself.Underneath Engels' study of the object perspective of nature,there is a deep subjective perspective.He believed that the materiality of the world was not proved by magicians in three words or two,but by the long-term development of philosophy and natural science.In addition,Engels' abstraction of material concepts is based on scientific practice.It is different from the abstraction of idealists based on metaphysics,and from the abstraction of old materialists based on machinery or simple intuition.Lenin mainly expounded the new materialism of Marxism in the debate with the experiential critics.Lenin criticized the agnosticism of experiential critics,emphasizing the objective reality of material and its relationship with knowledge and practice.Although Marx,Engels and Lenin have different characteristics in their respective expositions on material,they all adhere to the practical viewpoint,so their basic ideas are inherently consistent.Chapter Two discusses practice and its relationship with material.Practice is the basis of subject and object,subjectivity and objectivity,the humanized nature and the free nature,materialization of man and humanization of material,natural history and historical nature,and the basis for the formation and development of human attributes and the essence of social life.In the production process of material materials,people not only produce themselves,but also others,and the whole process is always accompanied by human thinking activities.With the beginning of the real division of labor,material labor,spiritual labor,social communication labor are relatively independent.Practice can not be understood only as the practice of material means production.Practice includes material production practice,social relations production practice and consciousness production practice.The principle of practice can not be simply equated with the principle of subject.Practice principle is the unity of subject principle and object principle,and practice perspective is the unity of subject perspective and intuitive perspective.Practice is the highest form of material movement in nature.Material movement in the process of practice is not a pure mechanical movement,but a whole form of natural movement,from the simplest mechanical movement to the most complex human brain movement,that is,human mental activity.Therefore,practice is a general concept and the sum of a series of material movements and their internal relations.In this sense,the dialectics of material movement process and practice activity process are inherently identical,and the material ontology and practice ontology are also identical.Chapter Three discusses the world and its relationship with practice.Generally speaking,the world is the material world of movement.From the perspective of human beings,the special meaning of the world refers to the existing world of human beings in the field of practice.The human world is the highest stage of the development of the material world.Man's understanding of all existence is essentially his understanding of human existence.Neither can we equate dialectical materialism with "pure nature" materialism,nor can we equate historical materialism or practical materialism with "pure human society" materialism.As a thorough materialism,dialectical materialism must adhere to the materialism of "historical point of view" in both natural history and human history.It is a materialism with practical point of view from beginning to end.Therefore,dialectical materialism,historical materialism and practical materialism are intrinsically interlinked,and they are not three different "-ism".Practice is the foundation of the whole existing perceptual world.The three basic factors of practice,namely productivity,social condition and consciousness,are the secrets of the formation and development of the existing world landscape.The existing world is a three-dimensional world of material,social and spiritual integration from the perspective of practice.The course of human historical development is also the process of the three dimensions of the world moving forward in a dynamic and balanced way.From the perspective of practice,there is neither an absolute known world nor an absolute unknown world.The "known" and "unknown" of the existing perceptual world are relatively speaking,and the external nature is also relatively speaking.Since man is a part of the world,the "relationship between man and the world" can also be regarded as the "relationship within the world".Since the existing world is the world in the field of practice,the "relationship within the world" is not abstract and unrelated to human beings,but indirectly it can also be regarded as the "relationship between man and the world".Since practice is the common practice of human beings,the "relationship within the existing world" is also,in a sense,the "relationship between human beings".Behind any science is the value appeal and deep logic of human liberation.Therefore,"how is the world possible" and "how is human liberation possible" are inherently identical.Chapter Four discusses Marxist philosophy and its relationship with the world.Although all philosophies have the ideal of explaining and changing the world,metaphysical philosophy has left the whole existing world and abstracted the objective existence of the world into the logical existence of existence,so it can only "explain" and "change" the world in the mind abstractly.Marxist philosophy returns to the whole real world and pays attention to the whole living condition of human beings.It is a scientific world outlook and methodology on human existence and development.It can not only explain the whole existing world,but also change the whole existing world.The last part is the conclusion.The article holds that dialectical thinking is an important way of thinking that Marx and Engels had mastered before they founded new materialism and an important thinking tool to help them achieve philosophical breakthroughs.Therefore,to re-read Marx and Engels,we must always adhere to dialectical thinking and avoid the potential impact of common sense thinking.