The Spiritual Philosophy Forms Of Moral Subject

The essential theme and task in my research is to establish the spiritual forms of moral subject or to establish the existential forms of moral subject based on spirit.Since the moral subject based on spirit only can be stipulated according to the dialectical movement between ethic and morality which is the ethical world —morality — nation,the spiritual forms of moral subject or the existential forms of moral subject based on spirit only can be established according to the dialectical movement between ethic and morality.Such spiritual forms of moral subject are:ethical man,conscience and national citizen.The ethical man is the existential form of moral subject in the ethical world.He is the original form of moral subject.As the original form of moral subject,the ethical man is a kind of pure objectivity,properly speaking,he is a universal beings which is stipulated according to the entity relationships of the ethical world directly.These relationships are the entity relationships in the family ethical entity such as the relationships between father and son,the relationships between brothers and the relationships between husband and wife,and the entity relationships in the nation ethical entity such as the relationships between the King and his people and the relationships between friends.The aim and duty of the ethical man is to realize the universal stipulations in the ethical world.These universal stipulations are the universal stipulations in the family ethical entity such as Fu Ci Zi Xiao,Xiong You Di Gong and Fu Yi Fu Shun,and the universal stipulations in the nation ethical entity such as Jun Hui Chen Zhong and Peng You You Xin.Once the ethical man tries to realize his aim and duty through ethical behavior,the contradictions and conflicts in the ethical world are suddenly visible.These contradictions and conflicts undermine the implicit balance in the ethical world and destroy the essential stipulations of the ethical world,thus,the ethical world is broken up.Accordingly,the ethical man is also broken up.However,in this process,the individual self consciousness is awakeninggradually,and it acquires a space which is subjective and reflective gradually.Such space is moral space.In this moral space,the existential form of moral subject based on spirit is no longer the ethical man,but conscience.Conscience is the existential form of moral subject in the fields of subjective morality.It can also be called subjective form of moral subject as a result of the subjective property of the moral field.As the subjective form of moral subject,conscience is the development of the moral consciousness after by the perversion of the moral world view after by the moral world view.It is a kind of self consciousness which has sublated and transcended the essential distinction and opposition between morality and nature and between duty and reality in the moral world view,and which has arrived and realized the harmony and unity between morality and nature and between duty and reality.It not only can get rid of all the authorities and restraints from outside,but also can stipulate itself freely,moreover,it can distinguish and judge good and bad independent of any standard from outside.This kind of conscience is essentially an infinite subjectivity.With the infinite subjectivity,conscience not only can choose the universal existence as principle for itself and realize it through action,as a result,conscience is good;but also can choose the particularity as principle for itself and realize it through action,as a result,conscience is the opposite of good which is evil and hypocrisy.Thus,evil and hypocrisy become the alienating forms of conscience,they both confirm the vulnerability and unreality of conscience which indicate that conscience must be sublated and transcendent.The activities of sublating and transcending conscience exist in the indirect ethical field which is nation,where the existential form of moral subject is no longer conscience,but national citizen.The national citizen is the existential form of moral subject in indirect ethical field or in nation.It can also be called the realized form of moral subject.As the realized form of moral subject,the national citizen is neither a kind of pure objectivity like that of ethical man nor is not a kind of pure subjectivity like that of conscience,it is the unity of objectivity and subjectivity which is embodied in the fact that under the dual protection of the perfect systems of state and good civic education,the national citizen not only realized its freedom and the right,it also fulfilled its ethical dutyeffectively.As the outcome of the dialectical movement between ethic and morality,ethical man—conscience—national citizen is essentially the process of the self-development and self-realization of moral subject which is an important even essential part of the self-development and self-realization of human.Through this process,not only the adversity of being radically dispelled confronted by the moral subject from the naturalism ethical view is being avoided,but also the deep opposition and contradiction between ideality and reality confronted by the moral subject from the rationalism ethical view is being sublated and transcended.Thus,the rationality and necessity of returning to the moral subject based on spirit are to be fully confirmed.