From The Oyirad To The Hoit

During the Ming era the Mongol Hoit Tribe was one of the Four Oyirad Mongols(i.e.the Four Oirats).Dating back to the early NorthernYuan,the descendants of the Hoit Tribal ancestors were the core tribesmen of the Anle-wang which named Batu Bolod of the Oyirad.At present,in academia there is a research gap on the topic of the Hoit Tribal history in the Ming era.In the strict sense,this thesis is not the tribal history of the Hoit in the Ming era,but further reveals the relationship between the Hoit and its fluctuating historical era from their perspective and activities.In the Mongol Yuan era,because of the tribal leader of the Oyirad Quduqa Beki surrounded to the Yeke Mongol Ulus,and was bestowed in marriage by Chinggis Khan and had the intermarriage with the Altan Uruq(i.e.Royal family)for generations.In the early Northern Yuan era,the descendants of the Oyirad were the core tribesmen of the Anle-wang Batubolod of the Wala(??)(i.e.Oyirad in the Ming era).In the later northern yuan era,the descendants of the Oyirad were developed to the Hoit tribe which was one of the Four Oyirad.The dissertation consists of five chapters.The first chapter discussed the origin of the Hoit Tribe which involved in four main issues: firstly,by discussing the etymological internal relationships among the tribes of Oyirad,Hoit and Hoi-yin-Irgen to comfirm the etymology of the title of “Hoit”.Second,determining the origin,genealogy of the Hoit and the relationship between the Hoit and the Mongol Yuan tribe Oyirad.Third,identifying the relationship between the Oyirad and the Tümen Oyirad.Fourth,summarizing the ancestors of former Oyirad's historical activities since Quduqa Beki to the Three Oyirad Kings' s period.The second chapter specialising the historical activities and background of the Anle-wang Batubolod,one of the Three Oyirad Kings,mainly discussing the change of the Oyirad's political situation.After Mahamu's death,the Xianyi-wang Taiping dominated the Oyirad.Later,the Anle-wang Batubolod also briefly dominated the Oyirad campaign.The Shunning-wang Toqon defeated the other two kings in the end,and ruled over the Oyirad.In addition,this chapter discusses the year of the deaths of the Xianyi-wang Taiping,the Anle-wang and others,determining the identity of the Zhiyuan official Alag Zhiyuan(????)and corrects existing problems in the previous studies.The third chapter specialising the historical activities and background of the Left Prime Minister Engke which was the younger brother of the Anle-wang Batubolod of the Oyirad.The focal point is Engke's background and the activities with the Anle-wang Batubolod,the Shun-ning-wang Toqon,Esen etc.Through the study of Engke's activities in the Tumu Crisis,revealing the historical activities track of the Hoit people at that time.The dissertation also discusses that under the Left Prime Minister Engke's leadership,the restorer of the Mongols Dayan Khan's father Bolqu Jinong was back from the Oyirad to Eastern Mongolia,and leading activities such as Mark?rgis Khan's promotion.Moreover,Correcting the mistake that predecessors confused the Oyirad's envoy Engke and the Left Prime Minister Engke.The fourth chapter researching the Hoit's legendary hero Jabaqan Mergen,his wife and son.Researchers at home and abroad regard Jabaqan Mergen as a legendary hero of the Hoit people,and no special research has been done on his identity.This dissertation verifies that Jabaqan Mergen was a real hero living in the middle of the 16 th century,researching Jabaqan Mergen's wife Jigeken aga's life,and unveiling Jigeken aga's legendary image among the Kalmyks.Moreover,studing the historical activities and the origin of the title about Jigeken aga's eldest son Eselebei.Researching her second son Toqoi and youngest son B?kekütei's living condition in the eastern Mongolia and their activities between Ming and Mongolia.The fifth Chapter researching the life background of the legendary woman Sannangzi in the Ming era.Through the comprehensive analysis of Mongolian and Chinese historical sources,this paper analyzes the genaration and origin of verious terms that Sannangzi was Altan Khan's granddaughter,or niece or the Xuanda Ji(???).Through textual research,the identity of Sannangzi in the Altan Khan's biography records was the most reliable one,that recordes she was Oyirad Kerenukud(????)Jigeken Aga's(?????)daughter.Based on this,it further reveals the parent of Sanniangzi'and their family members,textual researching that Sannangzi's father was Jabaqan Mergen of the Hoit and her mother was Jigeken Aga of the Kerenüküd with three of half brothers Eselbei(????),Toqoi(???)and B?kekütei(????).This chapter also examines the relationship between the event of Baga Achi(????)who deserted to Ming Dynasty and Sannangzi,and correcting the erroneous views of predecessors,exploring the reasons for his eventual inheritance.