Research On Marxist Historical Epistemology

This research has a core “problematic” as a relatively pure basic theoretical research: “How should we carry out historical cognizing”.This “ought to”(should)not only shows that Marx and Engels themselves carried out historical cognizing in this way,but also “we” should also carry out such historical cognizing.On the whole,the overall structure(basic content)of this research is very simple and clear,it is actually divided into two major frameworks.Firstly,if we regard “carrying out historical cognizing” as an act,it will involve several aspects,such as how this kind of historical cognizing came into being,who carried out the historical cognizing,what we are actually cognizing,how to carry out the historical cognizing and so on,Which can transformed into a more standardized way of expression,namely,the origin of historical cognizing,the subject of historical cognizing,the object of historical cognizing and the process of historical cognizing,these four aspects constitute the main contents of the second to fifth sections.Secondly,apart from viewing “historical cognizing” as an act and studying each part,we must also have a holistic vision to explore the nature of historical cognizing,the truth of historical cognizing and the contemporary value of historical cognizing.These three aspects constitute the sixth to eighth sections.The main contents of the eight sections are as follows:Section one is an introduction,mainly elaborates the research background and significance of this topic,combs and analyzes the research trends at home and abroad,and briefly introduces the four basic concepts of this research.Finally,discusses the overall structure,basic methods and innovations of this research.Section two mainly discusses the comprehensive origin of Marxism historical epistemology.Firstly,discusses the origin of the problem of “synthesis” in the context of epistemology,and points out that “synthesis” is not only an action,but also a necessary condition for the emergence of cognition.The ideological background is “empiricism philosophy-German classical philosophy-contemporary analytical philosophy”.We have observed the different attitudes of Marxism historical epistemology towards the problem of “synthesis”.There are mainly two representative explanatory schemes.One is the social labor synthesis represented by J ·Habermas,the other is the social integration of commodity exchange laws represented by Sohn-Rethel.But on the whole,the two sides have their own problems,combined with Marx and Engels' own expression,“not consciousness determines life,but life determines consciousness.” “Life” is the key point of the comprehensive origin of Marxism historical epistemology,of course,this comprehensive origin itself has a dialectical nature.Section three mainly discusses the subject of historical cognizing.Firstly,on the basis of the intertextual interpretation of Marx and Hegel's texts,it expounds the growing process of “consciousness” and the corresponding subject.Through this intertextual interpretation,we find that “realistic man” is the real subject of Marxism historical epistemology,which really criticizes the “atomistic individual” and “essentialism”.Moreover,the “realistic man” is always constrained by the “pre-structure”,which includes not only the pre-structure of rationalism which is highly consistent with the discussion of European philosophy,but also the pre-structure of life world and communication.Section four mainly discusses the object of historical cognizing.Firstly,it expounds the two main existential modes of “history” in the historical materialism and historical epistemology.Firstly,it exists as an object of cognition(entity),historical epistemology is to cognize history.It also constitutes the object of direct historical cognizing.Its main manifestation is “historical fact”,which has its own content and basic characteristics;Secondly,as a way of cognizing or interpretation of the principle of existence,at this time the historical epistemology has become “historical” cognizing,it has become the object of reflective historical cognizing,but also has its own content and basic characteristics.Section five mainly discusses the process of historical cognizing.Firstly,it expounds two leaps in the process of historical cognizing on the whole,that is,the leap from direct historical cognizing to reflective historical cognizing,and the leap from reflective historical cognizing to concrete thinking.These two leaps also show the process of dialectical unity of “negation of negation”.According to the “time order”,during the period of 1845-1857,Marx generally adhered to the “first road” of direct historical cognizing,but also a “realistic abstract” process.After 1857,Marx generally adhered to the “second road” of reflective historical cognizing which is a “backward thinking” reverse historical cognizing process.Section six mainly discusses the nature of historical cognizing.Firstly,it expounds the relativity of historical cognizing,probes into its manifestations and deep-seated principles,and discusses respectively the complex relationship between direct historical cognizing and reflective historical cognizing and relativity.Secondly,it clarifies the objectivity of historical cognizing.On the basis of detailed analysis of the different meanings of “objectivity”,it discusses the objectivity of direct historical cognizing and reflective historical cognizing respectively.Finally,it expounds the “procedural” nature of historical cognizing,which is most in line with the essential spirit of Marxism historical dialectics.Section seven mainly discusses the truth of historical cognizing.This section has a very strong characteristic of intellectuality analysis.Firstly,it expounds the conformity view of historical cognizing,on this basis,it is affirmed that the stage of direct historical cognizing mainly adheres to the conforming view.In the contrast,on the stage of reflective historical cognizing,Marx mainly adheres to the coherence view.But as “the two roads of the historical cognizing” is closely related to Marx himself,so the true truth view of Marxism historical epistemology is the organic unity of conformity view and coherence theory.Section eight mainly discusses the contemporary value of historical cognizing.One of the main purposes of this section is to discuss the contemporary value of Marxism historical epistemology as a whole.It mainly includes two aspects: the theoretical value and the practical value of Marxism historical epistemology.