Study On Several Issues Of Rouran's History

Rouran(??)was a nomadic people in the northern part of ancient China which rose in Inner Mongolia during the the Period of Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties.Rouran was also called"Rouru"(??),"Ruru"(??),"Ruru"(??),"Ruirui"(??)and so on.At the beginning of the 5th century,Yu Jiulu,the leader of Rouran,annexed all the Chile tribes and the rest of the Huns in north of the Gobi desert and established the Rouran Khanate,which opened a new page for the establishment of the long-term effective rule of the Donghu ethnic group on the Mongolian Plateau.It occupied an important position in the history of the northern ethnic groups in ancient China and the ancient history of China.For a long time,Chinese and foreign researchers have paid more attention to Rouran's history and related issues,and achieved many research results.But up to now,the research on Rouran's history is still relatively weak in general,and there are also differences of views on many important issues.Therefore,on the basis of historical materials analysis,combined with archaeology,physical anthropology,ethnology and other disciplines,we can fully absorb and draw lessons from previous research results.And it is still necessary to further comb,Investigate,research some important issues in Rouran's history research.Firstly,the article elaborates the historical development of Rouran,and briefly reviews and comments on the exploration of Rouran by ancient Chinese historians,the study of Rouran by foreign scholars,and the related research achievements of Chinese historians since the 20th century.Then,it differentiates Rouran's biographies and special entries in the official history books and other historical books,and holds that Rouran's biography in Songshu,NanQishu,Beishi,and some contents in biography of Rouran of Wei shu reflect the style and features of original Weishu,which is an important primary source for the study of Rouran's history.Most of the contents of Rouran's biography in existing versions of Weishu supplemented by Beishiand Rouran's special entries in other types of historical books are secondary source historical materials for reference.However,the differences between Rouran's biography in Tong Dian,Beishi and existing versions of Weishu should retain some of the contents of the original Weishu before its dispersal,which deserves our attention.On the basis of absorbing and judging the relevant research results of predecessors,this paper puts forward that the forms of Rouran's names recorded in the Northern Dynasties,such as"Ruru"(??)and"Ruru"(??),are close to the original pronunciation of the names of the tribe and the regime.The different words reflect the attitudes of the rulers and historians of the Central Plains regime towards Rouran,and the viewpoint of the plural or additional elements of the prototype of"Rouran"(??)names.Through the analysis of historical materials and the investigation of Rouran language,representative customs and physical anthropological characteristics,the article further affirms the mainstream view of"Donghu-Xianbei theory";and puts forward the view that"Hybrid Northern barbarian"theory reflects the complex composition of Rouran tribes and the actual situation of many nationalities under the rule of Rouran Khanate.This paper analyses and expounds the historical origin,political connotation and the system of the title of"Khan"and holds that the title of"Khan"is positioned as the emperor of"the orthodoxy of China",but its exclusive title of"Khan"reflects the institutional characteristics of the nomadic regime in the north;at the same time,it puts forward that the system of inheritance of the title of"Khan"is dominated by the succession of father and son,and that the emergence of other forms of inheritance is related to political changes.In addition,the article also investigates the economic types of Rouran's nomadic herding,hunting,handicraft,agriculture and trade.It holds that nomadic herding was always the most important type of economic production.Hunting was an important supplement to its nomadic economy.Handicraft,agriculture and trade also played a role in the development of Rouran's social economy.