Fichte's Systematical Philosophy Of Freedom And Its Influence On Marx's Practical Philosophy

The possibility of freedom is the essential problem of philosophy.This thesis interprets profoundly the construction of Johann Gottlieb Fichte's theory of Wissenschaftslehre,on the base of which compares the structure of Fichte's theory of freedom and Marx's theory of freedom whose central concept is “gegenstandliche Taetigkeit”,shows that these two theories are correlative.In this thesis,the author analyses two different editions of Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre,Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre(Foundations of the entire science of knowledge)and Wissenschaftslehre nova method(Foundations of Transcendental Philosophy),in accordance with deductions of his constructions of freedom,teases out the basic elements,logical threads and the final results of the construct of freedom in these two editions,indicates that Wissenschaftslehre nova method revises the connotations of concepts Ich and nicht-Ich,as well the relation between these two concepts.The revision services the theoretical purpose to defense the possibility of the theory of freedom.In the opinion of author,Fichte's theory of freedom which bases on the concept of “I”(Ich),is an attempt to extend the subject to the material world,by doing this he tries to overcome Kant's dualism which is the consequence of admitting “thing in itself”.On the other side,he also aims to amend the fault of idealism that intentionally ignores the material world and only explains the contents of consciousness.The core concept in Fichte's theoretical endeavor is imagination,whose characteristic is named “schwenbend”(hovering),and whose impotency is raised heavily in Wissenschaftslehre nova method.The reason why the concept of imagination is so impotent is that it is considered to be a potence whose essence is freedom,and this enhances its ability to hover over the worlds inside and outside of the subject,and binds them together.This deduction of Fichte's relies on his conviction that as an ability of transcend,freedom can extend the subject from the domain of the inside to the real world of material.However,the practical feature along with the structure of this theory is covered by the power of the absolute positing of Ich,and the successors focus on only the absolute positing Ich,both Schelling and Hegel.It is Marx who develops a pattern that is alike Fichte's,the former once was a member of the left Hegelians and learned a lot from Feuerbach,especially his theory on sensuousness.In Econimic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,Marx builds a system of multiple relationships between “sensible human” and “nature”,whose core concept is “gegenstandliche Taetigkeit”.This system is just like the one,which Fichte builds between “Ich” and “Nicht-Ich”,whose core concept is “Stetzen”.Relying on this structure,Marx explains how a sensible person works on the nature and changes it.In this activity,he self achieves his essence and freedom.The similarities which comes from the similar theoretic structure shows that the theory of Fichte's has affected Marx's practical theory.