A Study On Fichte's Activity Ethics Based On Freedom

Starting with the study of Kant's philosophy, Fichte stepped into the world of philosophy. He came to agree with Kant's philosophy, and then reformed it. In the end, he developed Kant's transcendental philosophy with dualism character into an objective mentalist philosophy, which gives the first priority to the freedom.Fichte's philosophy is greatly influenced by the ages: under the inspiration of hurricane hurtling movement and French revolutionary spirit, his philosophy embodies that age's characters of hurtling and reforming and the enlightenment spirit of upholding logos and freedom in Kant's philosophy as well. Moreover, his philosophy exhibits the most valuable and charming activity character.In order to overcome the dualism and non-system in Kant's philosophy, Fichte sets up a unitized Wissenschaftslehre system, which gives the first priority to the freedom. This ego is neither the pure cognitive subject nor the motionless object but the activity ego which combines the theory and practice; subject and object. It starts with this ego and then designs it actively, later reflects on its opposite---non-ego. Eventually, it gets rid of the limit of non-ego and reverts to the ego itself.Wissenschaftslehre starts from the absolute ego and then eradicates outward and reverts inward continuously during which it realizes the consolidation of theoretical logos and practical logos. In Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre , he inherits and develops practical logos in Kant's philosophy: in his opinion, the theoretical logos does not make practical logos possible, just to the contrary , practical logos does make the theoretical logos possible. This theory determines the important position of practical philosophy in Fichte's whole philosophy and views ethnics as the fundamental position and nuclear role in the whole Wissenschaftslehre。Fichte's ethnics , even the whole Wissenschaftslehre system, is based on the notion which gives the first priority to the freedom. Fichte's ethnic is a system of freedom. That ego designs ego itself and prescribes the activity of ego is viewed as freedom. Human beings , as the free existence, are able to reconstruct the objective world at will which shows the real activity of ego fundamentally. the concepts, such as Ego , Thathandlung and Intelligenz, in Fichte's theory, express the human subjective activity i.e. the original consciousness of the freedom power.That ego designs ego itself is free and possesses the freedom activity, but the ego's Intelligenz of freedom is realized through moral discipline. That is to say, freedom is the main body and ego is a carrier, which is realized in the forms of moral laws or principles. Ethnics carries out the absolute freedom but ego's absolute freedom can just be illustrated in ego's Thathandlung. Fichte's ethnic is an activity philosophy system. According to this system, the reasons why ego possesses the absolute activity and the power to design freely lie in the ego's inner impetus-----impulse. Such impulse in Fichte's ethnics is neither the natural impulse nor the pure impulse but the combination of them. Ethnic impulse requires free activity for the sake of freedom.Ego carries out the moral and the free activity simultaneously. As a result, ego, as the logos existence and free activity, cannot take action blindly. Fichte thinks that only the conscience activity is the freedom activity. Only in this way can ego gain"freedom for the sake of freedom".Fichte's ethnics is different from even superior to Kant's moral philosophy and other previous ethnics in that his deeper construction of ethnics pierces into the main body and touches the problems between the main bodies. Freedom can be realized only in the rational social relationship constructed among the main bodies between human beings. Human beings are not only the purposes but also the tools. Ego as well as his my are the limited rational existence and the freedom power for the purpose of freedom. As a result, they can realize such freedom with mutual limitations and needs. Fichte constructs his activity ethnics based on such deep ethnic relationship, which contributes much to the development of the western ethnic thoughts.Fichte's philosophy gift is inspired by Kant's moral philosophy. He inherited and developed the activity principles of the main body in Kant'moral philosophy and carried out the deepest notions of freedom, which developed Kant's moral philosophy to a higher stage i.e. developed the main body consciousness into the thoughts between the main bodies. At the same time, he realizes that Kant's moral philosophy is confused by thing-in-itself and cannot shake off the real difficult problems such as the dimensions and formats of the freedom, the moral principle lack of main body activity. Fichte succeeds in answering such difficult problems and surpasses Kant'moral philosophy in the end. Furthermore, Fichte's thoughts between the main bodies not only break through Kant's limitation of ego consciousness but also turn on a new era in the human social relationships. The highlights of Hegel's thoughts lie in his great impacts on the formation and development of Schelling's and Hegel's philosophy. Studying Fichte's thoughts deeply is of great significance to our study of Germany classic philosophy.