A Study On The Word Of "Negative Morphement X"

Negative categary is of vital significance to human's cognition,which can be found nearly everywhere in real world,and it is true to language.From morpheme to context,negation has its own systematical expression.Compared with affirmation.negation is much more complicated in forms.Based on lexical research paradigm,this thesis aims to discuss issues related to negative morpheme on the target of "negative morpheme+X",which includes correspondense between form and meaning,influence to lexicla meaning brought by negative morpheme as part of the words,the lexicalization and grammarization of negative morpheme and comparison and contrast bewteen different negative morphemes.All of the thesis includes six chapters:The first and sixth chapter are respectively the introduction and concluding part,the former of which defines the research target and range as well as literary review,including specific and comprehensive study on word-formation of negative morphemes,study on word-formation of negative morpheme in both Chinese and English.Based on the existing research results,this thesis further explore new research spaces,and make target,methed and achievemrnt clear.The concluding part mainly summarizes the conclusion,innovative part and issues that needs further discussion.The second chapter mainly foucuses on the structure of "no+",which is most common and significant.This chapter aims to discuss the very nature and lexical meaning of "no" in word-formation through the analysis of its grammaticla meaning.Compared with other negative morphemes,"no" is more diverse and complicated in the structure of "bu+X".What's more "bu+X" is subordinate,which means that it will show certain tendency in word-formation.It is most common and typical for no to combine abjectives as an adverd,in which the relation between lexical meaning and morpheme is more apparent.When it comes to nouns,it is required to possess descriptive feature that can be extracted to show the tendency of adjectivization,which can be explained from the perspective of construction.The lexical relation between "bu+X" and "X" will be discussed from perspectives of notional words and function words,disyllable,three-syllable,unicocality and ambiguity,aiming to explore the correspondense and non-correspondense of form and meaning.It's quit e common in linguisticsthat "bu+X" possesses th predominense of negative meaning by acting as "no+commendatory/neutral words" which can be explained from the mechanism of euphemism and politeness principlle of functional linguistics.Most of the structures of "bu+X" are bonding,and during the process of lexicalization and geammarization,"no" turns from independent to agglutinative,and its negetive part becomes weaker.The third chapter aims to discuss "wu" and "mei| in modern Chinese.which is the most common topic in Chinese negaton system.The separating and combining of"wu" and "mei" brings great influense to negation system,and they could alternate each other diachronically.This chapter tries to discuss the very nature and lexical meaning of "wu" and "mei" in word-formation based on their own grammatical and lexical meaning.When it comes to the monosemes "bu+X" most of them literally mean no except that some of them are adverbs being grammaticalized or function words.While in multivocal "bu+X",it sometimes possesses both the meaning of no and absent,"mei" as part of the words means that sth is absent without function of"wu",which is related to the fact that it appears much later and it has clearly different function with "mei"."Mei”appeared under the background of the rising of modern vernacular Chinese.Besides,"mei+X" is much more colloquial while "bu +X"is more gentle.One of the important differense between "mei+X" and "bu+X" lies in that X in "absense+no" is often noun while X in "bu+X" is mainly verb.There is no any possibility that "bu+X" and "mei+X" has the same morpheme because the two denies totally different conceptual domain."no/mei+X" normally has lexical correspondense with "you+X" in affirmation system,but sometimes "you+netural words" may have semantic deviation and possess positive meaning,in which"wu/mei+X" cannot be said has lexical correspondense with "you+X"The fouth chapter mainly focuses on "out of+X"and "not"."Out of" is quite special in negation system,for it plays an important role in word-formation as a word formation morpheme,meaning "beyond or donot belong to".Its tyical function is to negate property words and "wei+X" usually means sth does not possess the nature or quality of X.If X is a property word,then "wei+X" is quite normal but if not,"wei"will activate some new functions of X."wei"is quite popular serving as a quasiprefix,which can be combined with different words to express negative meaning.There isn't much correspondense between "bu+X" and "wei+X" except some certain words Besides,"not+X" is more euphemistic,which is related to its owe property,"not" is an learned word,and is more gentle,which contributes to its euphemistic feature.The fifth chapter mainly discusses idoms with negation morphemes.Idioms are indispensible parts of modern Chinese,and this chapter focuses on idioms with negation morphemes and tries to discuss the formation system of idioms from the perspective of negation morphemes,its lexical meaning and contribution to idioms.