A Study On Marked Epistemic Expression In Contemporary Chinese Language

Language is an important tool for people to understand the world.People live in the objective world.The reflection of the objective world that people have forms epistemic.These epistemic are expressed through language then to form cognitive expressions.Based on three world theory of Karl Raimund Popper's(1979),British philosopher,taken three different cognitive domain theory of Eve Sweetser(1990),as the background,combined with theory method of distinguishing the“action”,“epistemic”and verbal expression”,the theories of three domains,in Chinese language research used by Shen Jiaxuan(2003),from the perspective of the epistemic domain,a system research is taken for marked epistemic expression of modern Chinese.This thesis focuses on a system of the marked epistemic expression,to investigate from the classification of the elements,modal characteristics,time characteristics,and style of a marked epistemic expression,etc,to interpret the process of a marked epistemic expression with the help of cognitive grammar,functional grammar,etc,to discuss in the cognitive context,the discourse organization,pragmatics and grammar interaction,etc.Based on the pragmatic theory,this thesis puts forward the corresponding strategies for a marked epistemic expression,and establishes an effective analytical framework for a marked epistemic expression in different language styles on the basis of comprehensive analysis.The first chapter is the introduction,which explains the purpose and research content of this thesis,defines the basic concepts of this thesis,sorts out the relevant research situation,including the research on the three domains of modern Chinese and the elements of the epistemic expression,explains the theoretical basis of this thesis,and explains the research methods and sources of corpus.The second chapter,"introduction of the marked epistemic expression",mainly analyzes the basic structure and cognitive context of epistemic expression.The basic structural elements of the marked epistemic expression include the subject of expression,the mark of expression,the content of expression and the subject of expression receiving.The cognitive context includes the expressive context of the expressingsubject,the construal context of the receiving subject and the contextual difference between the two contexts.On the basis of a large number of linguistic facts,we firstly summarize the three types of subjects,namely the first person,the second person and the third person and also give a preliminary explanation of the special subject form.Then,we classify the expression tags according to grammar form and function,and explain the special expression tags.After the investigation of the content of expression,based on the different resource,it is divided into two types: independent cognition and quoted cognition of expression of the subject,and based on the fields it refers to,it is divided into two types: oral marked epistemic expression and written marked epistemic expression.Aiming to the receiving subject,we classify the receiving subject into two categories: on-site receiving subject and off-site receiving subject,and analyze the characteristics of different types of receiving subjects,according to the different spatial and temporal relations between the receiving subject and the expressing subject.At the end of this chapter,we discuss the two cognitive contexts of marked epistemic expression and analyze the influence of contextual differences on the marked epistemic expression.The third chapter,"modality types of the marked epistemic expression",mainly starts from the three aspects of epistemic modality,deontic modality and dynamic modality,and investigates the modality types of marked epistemic expression through the co-occurrence of verbal markers and different types of modal verbs in marked epistemic expression.In the same time with the cognitive modal verbs,the characteristics of [necessary] meaning,[more or less] meaning and [possible] meaning modality are all reflected to a certain extent.In the co-occurrence with the deontological modal verb,when the speaker gives the instruction to the recipient to understand something,the subject of the verbal expression mark in the syntactic structure is only the superficial subject of the formal epistemic,while the subject of the actual subject of epistemic and expression is the speaker who gives the instruction.When the speaker expresses commitment to the recipient,the speaker expresses the identity of the subject and the subject.In marked epistemic expression about committing some kind of cognition,there must be a deontic modal verb,which needs to be stressed.Verbal markers,which have an obvious [inferred] meaning in themselves,can hardly be found together with deontic modal verbs.Therefore,there is an obvious imbalance betweenthe verbal markers and the modal verbs in marked epistemic expression.The fourth chapter,“time characteristics of the marked epistemic expression”,firstly,the co-occurrence of marked epistemic expression and time words is investigated,and it is found that although constancy is the main feature of marked epistemic expression,it can highlight the different time characteristics of marked epistemic expression by recognizing the co-occurrence of verbs and words of different time.The marked epistemic expression coexisting with the time words is the static marked epistemic expression.And then,based on the study of the co-occurrence of verbs and dynamic auxiliary,the dynamic marked epistemic expression is discussed.This thesis discusses the supporting conditions for the dynamic marked epistemic expression and types needed for dynamic expression,and discusses the causes and functions of dynamic marked epistemic expression with the help of economic principles and functional grammar.We believe that epistemic,as the reflection of the subject to the objective world,is stable once it is formed,and dynamic expression is not generally emphasized.However,due to some subjective needs in the practical use of language,certain support conditions for epistemic verbs can also form appropriate dynamic cognitive expression.This dynamic marked epistemic expression first appears in the network media,which indicates the subjective need of the speaker for this kind of expression.Finally,it is pointed out that in the process of language use,the creative expression of language cannot be completely separated from the constraints of existing rules to a large extent,but the conventional epistemic and dissimilation epistemic of categories as well as the unmarked and marked are complementary.The contract of expression is competitive with accuracy and individuation.The antagonism and connection between the conventional combination and the variation combination in language use is the basis for creating a new way of expression with vitality.The dynamic integration of various factors in language use also provides an opportunity for the change of function of grammatical category.The fifth chapter," the marked epistemic expression and sentence type selection",mainly investigates the matching of marked epistemic expression with declarative sentence,interrogative sentence(including yes-no question,special question,selective question,positive and negative question),rhetorical question and imperative sentence.It is pointed out that the marked epistemic expression and the declarative sentence arenon-marked matching and natural matching forms.When the marked epistemic expression is matched with the interrogative sentence,it can be divided into two situations.One is to ask questions when there is doubt.The process of expression is actually a process of information acquisition,such as the matching of marked epistemic expression with yes-no questions.It is just a formal marked epistemic expression.The other is to express the marked epistemic expression in the name of the question,such as when the marked epistemic expression is matched with the selection question,the positive and the negative question and rhetorical question.The low frequency of the marked epistemic expression in the choice of imperative sentence may be due to the fact that epistemic is often formed on its own initiative.In addition,the imperative sentence has the lowest degree of politeness among several sentence types,which is also an important factor for its relatively low frequency of use.The sixth chapter,"stylistic features of the marked epistemic expression",analyzes the features of marked epistemic expression from stylistic perspective.The written style mainly focuses on the corpus such as academic discourse,while the oral style mainly focuses on the corpus such as life dialogues and interview dialogues.It is found that the marked epistemic expression of daily life dialogue and interview dialogue in the spoken language has different characteristics in terms of the trigger mechanism of expression and the interactivity between subjects and the use of discourse.The whole feature of marked epistemic expression in written language is quite different from that in spoken language.Secondly,the marked epistemic expression in the engineering science and technology academic papers and the Chinese academic papers is investigated by sampling,and it is found that the marked epistemic expression shows different characteristics due to the differences in research objects and research methods inof different discipline fields.The seventh chapter,"the multidimensional function of the marked epistemic expression",mainly discusses the marked epistemic expression by applying interpersonal function theory and discourse function theory in discourse grammar.In the interpersonal function part,the author mainly investigates two problems: subject selection and information giving ability,expression mark strength and information efficiency.The information transfer ability of the expression subject is arranged from strong to weak,and the information transfer efficiency of the expression mark is alsoarranged from strong to weak.It is pointed out that the choice of expression subject and expression mark has a significant influence on information transmission in the marked epistemic expressions.In the part of textual function,the textual functions of marked epistemic expressions at different locations are analyzed.The eighth chapter,"establishment of the marked epistemic-based expression framework",attempts to establish a epistemic-based expression framework,which includes the background of epistemic-based expression and the organic cooperation of participating elements,based on the previous discussion on the system,time and sentence type selection of epistemic-based expression,starting from the investigation and analysis of inappropriate epistemic-based expression.Based on the discussion of marked epistemic expression system,time,sentence type,style and function,this paper tries to establish the marked epistemic expression framework.The framework consists of three aspects: the former marked epistemic expression,the marked epistemic expression and the latter marked epistemic expression,which is the organic cooperation between the background of marked epistemic expression and participating elements.Then it analyzes the contents which is not discussed in the previous part and not covered in the discussion further.The ninth chapter,"conclusion",firstly summarizes the research content and results of the paper;secondly,explains the shortcomings of the paper,and finally envisages the future research.It is pointed out that the study of the marked epistemic expression can supplement the study of the three domains.The establishment of effective marked epistemic expression framework is conducive to improving people's level of expression.