Research On Kant's Theory Of The Transcendental Freedom

The relationship between freedom and necessity is the core question of Kant's philosophy.According to the logical development of Kant's philosophy,we can make a basic division on the concept of freedom used by Kant from the perspective of logical deduction,so as to help us grasp the key point to solve this problem more clearly and accurately.In brief,Kant's concept of freedom is mainly divided into four layers: transcendental freedom,practical freedom,sense of freedom and the supreme good freedom,which are presented as a systematic and logically consistent thing.Concretely speaking,this system is just corresponding to the three categories of Modal category table of speculative reason: the possibility,the reality and the necessity of freedom.The supreme good freedom is about the supreme state of freedom,the ultimate state to realize the harmony of virtue and happiness under the blessing of god,and also the ultimate goal pursued by human beings.Under the lead of the three categories,the thought of freedom covers the cognitive,the practical,as well as the aesthetic or teleological fields,that is to say,the unity of knowing,feeling and meaning.In this way,the pedigree of freedom is established,and such an approach keeps a correspondence with his architecture.Specific to Kant himself,Kant gradually constructed his theory of freedom on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the predecessors(mainly empiricism,rationalism and French Enlightenment),that is,from the transcendental freedom,through the freedom of will and the freedom of aesthetics,he finally reached the perfect state of freedom.In theoretical reason,the purpose of subject cognitive activity is to use critical reason to govern the perceptual experience,it also explains(in theory)the necessity and possibility to setup the transcendental freedom.It can start a cause-and effect series by itself.It also provides enough room and space(in theory)for the possibility of general practical freedom.It is necessary for practical freedom,although it is empty due to lack of material experience.Once the possibility of freedom in this sense is further translated into practice(it cannot remain at the level of possibility all the time),it is necessary for itself to desire to break through its purely ideological provisions and to be able to be represented and implemented in reality.Accordingly,transcendental freedom will need to transition to the practice stage,the practical activity lies in the fact that the subject gradually establishes itselfin the object.Only in this way,it will be associated with material experience and implemented in the form of the concrete reality,after such a long journey,the possibility of freedom can be implemented.However,the journey to freedom is not over.How to naturally transition between transcendental freedom and practical freedom,and how to connect the huge gap between them becomes a new problem.Accordingly,Kant proposed the “Critique of aesthetic judgment” to solve this big problem.In Kant's philosophy,he did not entrust the necessity of freedom to metaphysics in an objective way,he put it down to the human aesthetic activity itself,and then,the journey of freedom ended temporarily.After mastering the internal development logic of Kant's thought of freedom,it is believed that the transcendental freedom is a crucial part in Kant's philosophy,which is the theoretical premise of the possibility of practical freedom,and also the most obscure part of Kant's philosophy.In a word,the embodiment of freedom in theoretical reason is transcendental freedom.In the third antinomy of the cosmological concept,transcendental freedom becomes to present itself.In this complex process,it creates a paradox because of the confusion of subjective and objective application about the use of reason itself.Namely,because of the incorrect use of reason itself,we mistake the conceptual thoughts for the real things,its solution lies in recognizing the scope which reason works,maintaining its transcendental ideological feature.To some extent,the transcendental freedom paradox is also the result of the misuse of reason itself.In order to properly solve this big problem,the tactics that Kant settled the dispute is the way of two-divided.To be specific,Kant points out that there is a possibility of the simultaneous existence of freedom and necessity,natural causality and freedom(they are not completely incompatible)by distinguishing the two opposite propositions.Kant points out that transcendental freedom and natural causality respectively occupy different positions and govern different fields through the dual division of the concept of the subject of “world”--the distinction between thing-in-itself and phenomenon.Next,through the distinction between “regulatory principle” and "constructive principle",Kant explained that the idea of cosmology is not mainly a constructive idea,but a regulatory idea,trying to guide the intellectual principles to approach the metaphysical goal of infinite perfection set by reason itself,while,this is a sustainable and constant process.Through the distinction of two characters of subject,namely,“empirical character”and “intellectual character”,it proves that human beings have two different kinds of states of existence,human beings exist both in the phenomenal realm and in thenoumenal realm,it means that man belongs not only to the sensible world,but also to a world he called intelligible or noumenal.This distinction actually corresponds to the double distinction of the world in turn.Finally,Kant divided four groups of antinomies into different camps by distinguishing the “antinomies of mathematics”and the “antinomies of mechanics” respectively,thus providing an effective way of thinking to solve the big problem of antinomies.Therefore,freedom and necessity have their own legitimate reasons and sufficient basis for their existence.However,since Kant mainly demonstrates the possibility of transcendental freedom in the field of rational speculation,the thinking paradigm of dichotomy also has inevitable internal contradictions.In this,scholars after Kant continue to advance on the path he has blazed,Hegel and Marx may be the most outstanding representatives during these scholars.To some extent,they have completed Kant's unfinished work.After mastering the core of Kant's transcendental freedom of thought and its internal development logic,it helps us to use the transcendental way of thinking to take care of and reflect on Chinese traditional culture's thinking character and its freedom thoughts by using a relatively heterogeneous thinking form.Only then,we can not only promoting the level of thinking and field of vision,but also promoting cultural revival and prosperity through the exchange and fusion of Chinese and western cultures.It should be noted that simply immersing oneself in one's own inherent thinking pattern can easily lead to spiritual darkness and degeneration,which is also a dangerous thing for the whole nation.We should learn to train our mind consciously and to accept professional training education edification and nourishing,and try our best to take the social responsibility.We need to note that transcendental dialectic way of thinking is full of great valve to the whole country and its' people,the value of the theoretical research has achieved the goal set at the beginning,though,this does not mean all.