The Implicit Colletive Self-esteem: A Comparative Analysis Of Gelao Adolescents

Implicit collective self-esteem effect refers to the tendency that individuals were more likely to show a positive evaluation for their own groups when they estimated in-group and out-group.Previous studies have focused more on implicit self-esteem,as well as the relationship of implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem.However,the individual was not alone in this society and should to community with other,and led to more preference to in-group.In the study of implicit self-esteem,many researches had already confirmed the universality in various cultures.Whether there maybe have the same features for implicit collective self-esteem,we development some cross-cultural studies for implicit collective self-esteem with this puzzle.We conducted a series of studies to the Gelao.The Gelao were an ancient nation which had some different traits from other nation.Some Gelao people were inhabit together in a region,and the other Gelao people were in a compact community.The Gelao kept their own national culture,at the same time they would be affected by Chinese culture.Under this background,what we might find in a new viewpoint of psychology for Han and Gelao nation.Take this puzzle,we combed through published literature for Gelao's research.Most studies on this nation were analyzed from the perspectives of linguistics,ethnology,religion and sociology.Some studies had explored about Gelao from the perspective of psychology.Few studies analyzed Gelao on the characteristics of the implicit cognition.In order to understand the Gelao adolescent and their culture from the implicit level,this paper was comprised of three studies,including six experiments.In study 1,we verified the implicit self-esteem effect of Golao adolescent(experiment 1),analyzed the relation between implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem,and explored whether the implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem were same structure(experiment 2).In study 2,we manipulated the evaluative conditioning to examined if this method could enhance the implicit self-esteem of Golao adolescent(experiment 3).In study 3,we compared the implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem of Gelao and Han adolescent(experiment 4),and we also compared the implicit collective self-esteem and the explicit collective self-esteem to explored which different between the Gelao and Han's(experiment 5).Finally we compared the implicit attitude of culture between the Gelao and Han's(experiment 6).From these experiment,we found some psychological characteristics of the Gelao and Han's and some valuable conclusions.The features of implicit self-esteem was Gelao adolescent tended to association self with positive words in the compatible task and tended to association the others with negative words in the incompatible task.In the compatible task the reaction time was short which means the reaction was quick and in the incompatible task the reaction time was long which means the reaction was slow.Through the analysis of variance and post-hoc comparison,we found that the scores whose lived together was significant high than that did not live together in Gelao sample.The correlation coefficients between implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem of the Galao sample was very low,indicating that the implicit self-esteem and the explicit self-esteem were different structures.We conducted the evaluative conditioning and paired the self word with positive words in the experimental group,and no experiments were done on the control group.Comparing with the control group,we found that evaluative conditioning enhanced implicit self-esteem of the Gelao sample,but did not enhance the explicit self-esteem of the Gelao sample.That is,the evaluative conditioning could change the individual's implicit self-esteem but not explicit self-esteem.The implicit self-esteem of the Gelao adolescent was significantly lower than that of the Gelao,but there was no significant difference between the Gelao and Han's adolescent on the explicit self-esteem.Whether Gelao or Han adolescent,there were not significant relation between them,and the correlation coefficient between implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem,it indicated that implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem were different structures.The implicit collective self-esteem of the Gelao adolescent was significantly higher than the Han adolescent,and the explicit self-esteem of the Gelao sample was significantly higher than the Han sample on the important of identify dimension.The correlation coefficient between explicit collective self-esteem and implicit collective self-esteem was very low,it indicated that implicit collective self-esteem and explicit collective self-esteem were different structures.Whether Gelao or Han adolescent tended to associate their culture with the positive,and to associate the other's culture with negative,which reflects their preference for their culture,which shown the positive implicit attitude for their culture.This preference in the Han adolescents was significantly higher than in the Gelao adolescents.In summary,this study began with the verification of the implicit self-esteem effect for the Gelao adolescent,and explored to the Gelao's culture from implicit self-esteem to explicit self-esteem,and form individual self-esteem to the collective self-esteem,and form the study of Gelao adolescent to the study of cross-cultural comparison.Finally,we compared the implicit attitude of the culture for Gelao and Han adolescent.Combined different studies about Gelao,the results were reasonable explained.These finding not only reflected the psychological characteristics of the Gelao and Han adolescent,but also shown their common characteristics in the family of Chinese nation,which fully validated the complexity of cross-cultural research.