| The beginning of the research on free will in philosophy was early explored by Aristotle.For thousands of years,the researchers in the field of philosophy and psychology,advanced the research of volition from different perspectives.There were too many factors involved in the process of volitional action,and the concepts of persistence and effort in the process of volitional action were more abstract and difficult to quantify.Due to the complexity of volitional action process,which led to the fact that the psychological research of volitional action mostly stayed at the philosophical and experiential level,and lacked the empirical exploration of volitional research.Until 1985,Professor Kuhl first applied the experimental method to the research of volitional action and put forward the action control theory of volitional regulation,thus opened the way to the empirical exploration of volitional action research.The core of action control theory was to research the process and mechanism of volition action.According to the action control theory,the performance process of volition action was divided into three phases,they were problem perception phase,problem coping phase and problem solving phase.Action control theory pointed out that the difference of volition function was the root of the performance process of volition action,and according to the difference of volition function,the individual was divided into action orientation and state orientation.The different forms of volition with action control style could influence the effort and efficiency in the process of target selection and action execution,and then affected the effect of volition action process.In view of the influence of action control style on volitional function,this paper explored the mechanism of volitional action execution process and verifies the moderating effect of action control style on volitional action execution process around the three phases of volitional action execution process.In the problem perception phase,the purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effect of action control style in the process of emotion affecting cognitive processing.Study 1 included verbal working memory task and spatial working memory task,using delayed matched working memory task to explore the effects of neutral,positive and negative emotions on the working memory of action orientation and state orientation.In study 1,ninety college students were selected for each working memory task,3(emotional types: neutral,positive and negative)×2(action control style: action orientation and state orientation)two factors mixed design was used in the experiment.The results showed that positive emotion promoted verbal working memory on both action orientation and state orientation,but negative emotional reduced the efficiency of verbal working memory on both action orientation and state orientation.Positive emotion damaged spatial working memory on action orientation and negative emotion damaged spatial working memory on state orientation.Action control style had a moderating effect on the relationship between negative emotion and working memory,and action orientation had a better ability to regulate the negative emotion than state orientation.In study 2,108 college students were selected to explore the effects of neutral,positive and negative emotions on cognitive inhibition between action orientation and state orientation by using Stroop task with 3(emotional types: neutral,positive and negative)×2(action control style: action orientation and state orientation)×3(task type: habituation condition,control condition and negative start condition)three factor mixed design.The results showed that positive emotion expanded the attention span and led to the decline of cognitive inhibition function,while neutral emotion and negative emotion had no significant effects on cognitive inhibition.State orientation had better habituation inhibition ability than action orientation,and general cognitive inhibition ability of action orientation was better than state orientation,but the effect of positive emotion on action orientation was greater than that of state orientation.In the problem coping phase,the purpose of this study was to explore the moderating effect of action control style in the process of difficult goal loading affecting realistic goal initiation.Study 3 in order to measure the distraction inhibition and cognitive switching ability.In study 3,72 college students were selected for each study to explore the effects of goal intention intensity on distraction inhibition and cognitive conversion of action orientation and state orientation by Stroop task and numerical classification task in 2(goal intention intensity: strong goal intention and weak goal intention)×2(action control style: action orientation and state orientation)×2(task type: control condition and neutral condition)three factor mixed design.The results showed that the effects of goal intention intensity on distraction inhibition and cognitive conversion were moderated by action control style.Strong goal intention could better activate the self regulation system of action orientation,improved the implementation effects of goal intention,but under the condition of weak goal intention,state orientation had better effect of goal intention initiation and execution.Over maintenance of goal intention could occupy too much cognitive resource of state orientation,decreased the ability of distraction inhibition and cognitive conversion.In the problem solving phase,this study was to explore the moderating effect of action control style in the process of realistic goal intention initiation and behavior execution.In study 4,320 college students were selected to explore the effects of goal intention types on the use of action control strategies and performance of action orientation and state orientation by Raven's standard progressive matrices with 2(goal intention type: performance goal intention and master goal intention)×2(task difficulty: simple and difficulty)×2(action control style: action orientation and state orientation)three factor inter-group designs.The results showed that in the process of problem solving,as the task becomed more difficult,individuals used more action control strategies.The ability of action orientation to use action control strategies was better than that of state orientation.The effects of goal intention type and task difficulty on the use of action control strategies was moderated by action control style.In difficulty task,the action control strategies used by action orientation under the master goal intention were more than those used by state orientation,while the action control strategies used by action orientation under the performance goal intention were less than those used by state orientation.The performance of graphical reasoning task was significantly affected by the difficulty of the task,but the effect of goal intention type and action control style on the performance of graphical reasoning task was not significant,and the performance under performance intention was better than that under master goal intention.This study explored the regulation mechanism of action control style in the process of volitional action execution,and compared the differences between action orientation and state orientation in emotional regulation,cognitive regulation and behavioral regulation.The results showed that the differences between action orientation and state orientation were mainly reflected in the allocation of cognitive resources and the use of action control resources.In the negative and demanding situations,action orientation was superior to state orientation in the aspects of negative emotion regulation,cognitive inhibition,cognitive transformation and the use of action control strategies,while in other situations,the differences were not significant. |
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