Research On Northern Zhou Dynasty Literature

This dissertation focuses on Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty(535-581)literature.It is integrally and systematically aimed at discussing Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature during the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China,restoring Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature close to historical reality,presenting clearly Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literary world,displaying important position and literary value of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature in the history of Chinese literature and changing people?s understanding of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature.Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature is the achievement of the rapid and close integration of north and south literature during the Northern and Southern Dynasties in China and has a key position in the development of Chinese literature.Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature shows unique and periodic literary characteristic because of era,territory,nation and law of literature.In addition to the introduction,conclusion and appendix,the dissertation is divided into two parts and includes eight chapters.There are five chapters in part 1 that integrally and systematically discuss the prosperity,literary achievement and literary characteristic of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature and show its pivotal role.There are three chapters in part 2 that research on unique and the most important litterateurs of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty.In part 1,the first chapter is a general survey of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature.It demonstrates the prosperity of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature from three aspects:litterateurs,literary works,literary activities.The second chapter focuses on stylistic reform in the Western Wei Dynasty(535-556)that was launched by Yu-wen tai and had a great influence then and after and discusses literary works of the Western Wei Dynasty and the contributions that the Western Wei Dynasty had to Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature.The third chapter expounds close relationship between political,cultural and social environment of the Northern Zhou Dynasty(557-581)and the prosperity of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature.The political,cultural and social environment of the Northern Zhou Dynasty had an accelerating effect on Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature.Three emperors of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty had made great contributions to Chinese culture because they collected and organized Chinese ancient books.The fourth chapter comprehensively and systematically expounds the prosperity of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature and literary achievements and literary characteristics of integration of north and south literature by means of literary worksbetween two literary circles and folk literature in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.The fifth chapter investigates the evolution and literary characteristics of epitaphs this period from the perspective of the unearthed epitaph between the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty in order to reveal literary level of Yu-wen Zhou Dynasty literature.In part 2,the first chapter integrally discusses Yu-wen Shi?s literary works and fully displays their contributions to Chinese literature.The second chapter synthetically studies Wang Bao and his literary works.The dissertation argues that Wang Bao was born in 513 and died in 576.Gong Ti poetry of Liang Dynasty was a new genre of poetry.Poets could write poems with various subjects using it.Wang Bao was a representative of Gong Ti poetry of Liang Dynasty.After Wang Bao entered the Northern Dynasties,most of his poems with five characters in a line showed unintentionally all kinds of complicated heavy mood and had sad and gloomy characteristic and style.Wang Bao?s poems represented by frontier poetry had a flavor of “Jian?an Feng-Gu”,but the flavor obviously differed from “Jian?an Feng-Gu”.Wang Bao used to a great extent artistic skills of Gong Ti poetry when he wrote Yue fu poems.Wang Bao had made his contribution that should be ignored to the formation of poem with five characters of eight lines and four lines of Tang Dynasty.Wang Bao?s articles were achievements of integration of north and south literature late Northern and Southern Dynasties in China.The third chapter synthetically studies Yu Xin and his literary works.The dissertation demonstrates his tenure of five kinds of important official position and his friendship in the Northern Zhou Dynasty.Yu Xin?s mentality was intricate in the first ten years after he entered the Northern Dynasties.He ultimately took the initiative to accept the Northern Zhou Dynasty.Yu Xin?s sadness and homesickness for his old country never stopped in the first ten years or twenty-eight years after he entered the Northern Dynasties.His homesickness had fine distinction after Chen Dynasty replaced Liang Dynasty in 557.Before this he missed Liang Dynasty.After this he missed the southern homeland.?Lament for Jiang Nan Fu? was written in December 557,its purport lamented Liang Dynasty.?The horse shoot in Hua Lin garden on the third of March Fu ? has high literary value.?Withered tree Fu? ?Small garden Fu? ?Heart-brokenness Fu? ?Bamboo rod Fu??Bamboo from Qiongdu rod Fu? presented his initial life history and mentality after he entered the Northern Dynasties.They have great literary value.?Twenty-seven Ni poems of one?heart??Ten poems responded to poems expressing ambitionby his highness Yong Feng? show literary charm of Yu Xin?spoetry.Gong Tipoetry with erotic theme written by Yu Xin in the Northern Zhou Dynasty emerged new characteristics on the basis of Gong Ti poetry with erotic theme written by him in Liang Dynasty.?Yan Ge Xing?finally became a type of Yue Fu poetry with frontier fortress theme after it was refined by Wang Bao,Yu Xin,Gao Shi.?Willow song?was a Yue fu poem,and was written in his initial stage after Yu Xin entered the Northern Dynasties.Its purport was to sorrow his own life experience.Court Yue fu written by Yu Xin reflected a kind of worship that the emperors of the Northern Zhou Dynasty had of the traditional Chinese Confucian culture.?Ten poems of Bu xu ci for Taoist? were Yu Xin?s literary achievements that he refined poems of Bu xu ci that preached Taoist doctrines and functions.Bu xu ci for literati became a type of Yue fu poetry expressing literati?s feelings.Yu Xin had made great contribution to the formation of poem with five characters of eight lines and four lines of Tang Dynasty.He wrote a poem with five characters of four lines.Some of Yu Xin?s poetry,fu and articles had characteristics and style of “Jian?an Feng Gu” in the early days of his entry into the Northern Dynasties.?Forty-four Ni Lian Zhu? were most likely written from October to December in 557.Their purport was to miss Liang royal family and sorrow his own life experience.There were three innovations.Yu Xin?s epitaphs had their own literary characteristics.Yu Xin?s mother died in the Western Wei Dynasty.Yu Xin had been mourning for his deceased mother from 555 to 557.The period of Yu Xin?s true seclusion was from 554 to 563.? Official document of sending foreign envoys? wasn?t Yu Xin?s literary output.