The Status Of Man In Marxism Philosophy

Marx’s thought of man possesses the very fundamental position in his philosophy.He builds his critique of capitalistic social system based on the rethinking of humannature. His thought of man is based on the critique and inheritance of Hegel’s dialecticsand Feuerbach’s humanism.Marx believes that human nature is self-consciousness in Hegel, the historical anddialectical productive process of man is the externalization of absolute spirit and thesublation of this externalization. In this process, labor is the fundamental force, but thislabor is spiritual, not the real practice, and man has to obey to absolute spirit in thisprocess. Marx believes that such idealism shows the natural world in Hegel is theexternalization of absolute spirit rather than reality and the sublation of thisexternalization completes the self-productive process of man.Marx believes that Feuerbach attributes human nature to natural properties,that isto say, emotions, and this does not distinguish man from animal fundamentally,because only in the social environment that emotion--for example the emotionalrelationship of men and women, can be the human nature, it is nothing different fromthe marital relationship of animals when separates from social relationship. Marxbelieves that the labor of animals accordant to themselves while human labor turn theobject world into the world of man. People practice not only according to theprovisions of their species, but also the provisions of any other species, theseconscious living activities make man different from animal’s species-beingfundamentally.Marx criticizes and inherits the historical philosophy of Hegel and humanism ofFeuerbach, then presents the essence of man as the free labor. He focuses on the social relations, finds out the alienation of man and the path out. This paper will elaborateMarx’s thought of man, the status and contemporary significance of this thought, fromthe aspect of the relation between Marx’s thought of man and Hegel’s idealism andFeuerbach’s humanism. This paper then analyzes the critique and inheritance ofHegel’s and Feuerbach’s thoughts in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of1844,analyzes Marx’s description of the real basis of human alienation in Economymanuscripts of1861-1863,analyzes the derivation from the duality of capital to theduality of man,presents solutions for comprehensive liberation and essenceregression of man.