Tracing Back To Jin And Tang

The Yuan Dynasty is an important turning point in the history of Chinese calligraphy.In the Yuan Dynasty,the retro movement with the purpose of "tracing back to the Jin and Tang Dynasty" made the appreciation and collection of model calligraphy in the Yuan Dynasty more obvious.Therefore,whether from the perspective of calligraphy history or collection history,the collection of model calligraphy in Yuan Dynasty is an unavoidable research topic.Based on the historical perspective of the calligraphy restoration in Yuan Dynasty,this paper takes the literati and officialdom of Yuan Dynasty as the object of study.With the help of the official history,alternative history,poetry collection of Yuan Dynasty,notes of literati,as well as the description of Ming and Qing Dynasty calligraphy and painting,focusing on the characteristics of the group's calligraphy collection activities and the relationship with the calligraphy restoration in Yuan Dynasty.The research mainly includes the investigation of the atmosphere and characters of the collection in Hangzhou and Beijing as the center,the upsurge of the collection caused by the calligraphy of Jin and Tang Dynasties,the idea of restoring the ancients reflected in the postscripts of the model calligraphy of Jin and Tang Dynasties and its evolution characteristics.At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty,Hangzhou was an important town for the collection of calligraphy in regions south of the Yangtze River or even the whole country.A large number of officials from the South and the North who liked to collect calligraphy and the adherents of Song Dynasty gathered here,gradually forming a huge collection group with Zhao Mengfu and Xian Yushu as the core.They promoted the circulation of the model calligraphy and the rise of the atmosphere of collection through activities such as literati gatherings,mutual visits,contacts and exchanges opened up the forerunner of the thought of "tracing back to the Jin and Tang Dynasty".In the middle and later period of Yuan Dynasty,Beijing became the center of the collection of model calligraphy.The official literati become the main group of the collection circle,and the collection of model calligraphy has become an important medium of communication and interaction between the monarchs and ministers,different ethnic groups and different classes of literati.The atmosphere of appreciation and collection in Jin and Tang Dynasties embodies the practical significance and influence of the retro movement.The enthusiasm of Wen and Shun emperors of Yuan Dynasty for the collection of model calligraphy,the establishment of Kui Zhang Ge and the position of official collection,it has greatly promoted the prosperity of the collection of model calligraphy.At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,Suzhou,Hangzhou and other cities in the south of the Yangtze River and other places provided a fertile land for reclusive people who liked to collect model calligraphy,and the taste of retro movement tended to be more diversified.The upsurge of literati in Yuan Dynasty to collect model calligraphy in Jin and Tang Dynasties,such as Lan Ting Xu by Wang Xizhi and Bao Mu Zhi by Wang Xianzhi.It is not only a true reflection of the vigorous development of model calligraphy collection in Yuan Dynasty and the concept of collection,but also a vivid embodiment of the idea of retro movement.It truly reflects the appreciation attitude and concept of Yuan Dynasty literals in different periods,identities,classes,regions and races,as well as the political,cultural and ethical factors behind them.The postscripts of model calligraphy are an important part of the collection activities of the literati and officialdom in the Yuan Dynasty.They have great value to the history of model calligraphy,such as observing the noumenon,clarifying the changes,distinguishing the real and the fake.At the same time,they vividly and objectively reflect the concept of retro thought of the Yuan Dynasty,reflecting the gradual process of the Yuan people's understanding,acceptance and praise of the calligraphic style of Jin and Tang Dynasties.In the Yuan Dynasty,the calligraphy restoration of literati and the collection of calligraphy closely related to each other.The collection of model calligraphy provides a reliable and realistic guarantee for the restoration of calligraphy,and stimulates the emergence and development of the idea of restoration.The movement of restoration greatly promotes the rise and prosperity of the atmosphere of model calligraphy collection and the convergence of the taste of collection.