Research On Marcuse's Critical Theory Of Political Aesthetics

This article aims to interpretation system of Marcuse's political aesthetic critical theory,Marcuse's theory of political aesthetics characteristic and social critical theory.The combination of political aesthetics as the core leads to different ways of life which are explored and the political movement practice,and open show Marcuse esthetics thought revolution of potential function and political criticism.The reason for choosing this topic is that sensibility,rationality,beauty and politics are all the key categories in Marcuse's works.This paper is devoted to connecting these seemingly isolated and contradictory categories in Marcuse's academic experience,and analyzing the evolution of their logical relations.Marcuse returned to the ancient Greek philosophy of the same origin of "beauty" and "perception" to explore the relationship between beauty and sensual desire.In the original context of beauty,it refers to the sensuous desires that Plato identified as low and derived from the body.In the Symposium,Plato points out that beauty not only represents the physical beauty of youth,but also means the principle of beauty beyond all physical beauty.And the principle of beauty is the embodiment of the god of love and the source of life.Marcuse,in this sense,found the relationship between perceptual desire and lust,excavation of Freud's psychoanalysis on sexual instinct relationship with physical desire,make love beyond sexual desire a greater biological instinct,will experience the pleasure of sensory range expansion from reproductive organs to the people of the whole body,achieve the sexualization of the body.Marcuse believed that the aesthetic psychological structure accumulated in the body of an individual is the field of the existence of eros.Eros is the humanization of eros and the rational shaping and molding process of the physiological erotic of human animal nature.It is based on the biological root.But it has rational penetration,thus transcending the nature of animals.Using Freud's psychoanalysis,he explored the erotic factors and complexity in aesthetics.In his understanding of "art is the satisfaction of desire in imagination",he determined that beauty is the psychological noumenon of eros,the overall structure of human nature.Based on this,he established the emotional psychological noumenon of new sensibility.Marcuse discovered the powerful political effect of eros as the collective life instinct of human beings from the psychoanalysis of the confrontation between the sexual instinct(Libido)and ego,and between the desire for life and the desire for death.Since the original free subject consciousness and spiritual process were assimilated in the public survival of authoritative countries,the disorder of individual spirit and the suppression of love and desire more directly reflected the overall disorder of the society,so the problem of psychology became the problem of politics.According to Marcuse,beauty embodies the happiness principle against the realistic principle and is the highest spiritual product of human eros instinct.Aesthetics and art are the externalized result of aesthetic form and the concentrated embodiment of the liberation power of eros and joy instinct,so it has the revolutionary potential of rebelling against the ruling order.It can be seen that Marcuse's criticism of political aesthetics has changed both the traditional non-utilitarian aesthetics and the traditional politics,defining the liberation of human eros as a broad political science on the basis of the aesthetic essence of human beings.His critical theory of political aesthetics has a clear direction of criticism--technical rationality under the cultural background of rationalism.Influenced by rationalism culture,the principle of subjectivity and modern science and technology system of conspire to perceptual richness from the survival of humanity in the rational crowd out,human technology rationality instead contain the dimension of the perceptual existence rationality,the rationality of freedom,no just disappear,and lead to technical rationality will become a kind of totalitarian rule of perceptual life itself into the civilization process of depressive and consumer field of social production.This kind of perceptual living situation leads to the lack of the aesthetic dimension of love and new sensibility as the emotional noumenon,which is the root of the spiritual crisis of human unidirectional.This paper argues that the unique feature of Marcuse's critical theory of political aesthetics lies in that he takes the restoration of aesthetic human nature as the entry point and theoretical purpose of the critical theory,integrates various ideological resources of antagonistic technical rationality and rationalist culture,and finally forms the new perceptual political revolution line centered on the satisfaction of love.Taking human's natural biological instinct as the material basis,we dig out the rebellious passion which originates from the pleasure principle buried in the "kind essence",and make people's whole body return to the aesthetic impulse which represents game and leisure under the negative impetus of reason.Play the role of imagination in the communication between sensibility and rationality and the revolutionary potential of legislation for perceptual order,reconstruct the new sensibility symbolizing the complete human nature.Seeking the possibility of rebuilding a new order leading to happiness and freedom in the alterative movement of aesthetic form dissatisfied with fixed discipline.This is also the way of marcuse's critical theory of political aesthetics.Can deny that Marcuse`s art and aesthetics as the path to liberation of critical way compared with Marx's critique of political economy,the lack of capital logic analysis and criticism,which made him up to the political aesthetic criticism of the level of ideological criticism,not to a specific contradictory movement between the productivity and production relations of the kink of social structure,weaken the actuality of its theory,caused the theory of historic and logical contradiction between apriority.However,he acknowledged and actively used the diversity,contingency and variability of aesthetic sensibility,so as to save the negative and critical functions of the perceptual force.This attitude of respecting the authentic life is worthy of reflection and reference by modern people.Therefore,the study of Marcuse's critical theory of political aesthetics is one of the theoretical choices in line with China's national conditions and the changing times.At present,as socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,China's social contradictions have turned into contradictions between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life.Obviously,the economic revolution to satisfy the material shortage is no longer the main melody of the development of our country and even the world.What attracts more attention is the practical and specific perceptual life of the people.Happiness and sense of gain are the embodiment of the dignity and value that human beings have always been pursuing.Study of marcuse's political aesthetics,can let us today,in the rapid growth of material wealth,to calm analysis,the logic of capitalism and aesthetic value,the game between the tries to answer how to don't get lost in a market economy and the beginner's mind,promote social fairness and justice,to rebuild interpersonal communicative rationality and intersubjectivity,the fusion between man and nature is unified,coordinated development,the individual's own body and mind in order to realize the social harmony and the happiness of the people.