| The collection of Chinese calligraphy and painting can be traced back to the Xi-Han Dynasty.As the imperial book collection and editing institution of the Xi-Han Dynasty,the Shiqu Pavilion was presided over and built by the prime minister Xiao He of the Han Dynasty.It was once an important place for storing portraits of heroes and virtuous scholars during the time of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.With the demise of the Xi-Han Dynasty,the "Shiqu Pavilion" has long been destroyed,but the "Shiqu" has been retained afterwards.During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty,the collection of royal paintings and calligraphy reached its peak.The Emperor Qianlong borrowed the name "Shiqu" and ordered an official to repair the "Shiqu Baoji" in February in the 9th year of Qianlong(1744).In the first month of the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong(1791),Emperor Qianlong again ordered the compilation of "Sequel to Shiqu Baoji".In February of the 20 th year of Jiaqing(1815),Emperor Jiaqing ordered the compilation of "The Third Series of Shiqu Baoji"."Shiqu Baoji" was first compiled in the tenth year of Qianlong(1745),with a total of 44 volumes;the second compiled in the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong(1793),with a total of 40 volumes;the third was compiled in the twenty-first year of Jiaqing(1816),a total of 28 letters."Shiqu Baoji" has a total of 255 volumes,including 863 calligraphers and painters,and 7757 pieces of calligraphy and painting,which can be regarded as masterpieces of the palace calligraphy and calligraphy.The first edition,sequel and third edition of "Shiqu Baoji" systematically organize and summarize ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting art,and provide extremely valuable documents for future study of ancient Chinese culture and art.Since the middle and late Tang Dynasty,as poems,notes and seals before and after the works have become an integral part of literati painting,the literary nature of literati painting has been greatly enhanced.Among all the calligraphy and painting works included in "Shiqu Baoji",there are 50 literati painters since the Tang Dynasty,and there are 1039 pieces(sets)of literati paintings and calligraphy works.Among them,there are 2,280 "comments" with literary attributes of literati paintings,1,310 "sections",648 "notes",856 "postscripts",and 13,796 "seals".This provides basic documentary support for exploring the literary connotation and literary value of the literati's painting comments,marks,seals,notes,and postscripts included in "Shiqu Baoji".The comment and the notes are an indispensable and important part of the literati painting,and its content,form,location and work complement each other to make it a unified whole.The comment is to write words on the painting,and express the feelings of the literati painter in the literati painting,inthe forms of poems words essays,self-comments or other topics,without sticking to one style.The inscription began in the Tang Dynasty.In the Yuan Dynasty,inscribed poetry on paintings became a means of literary intervention in art to add poetic and artistic flavor to literati paintings.The comment is the incomplete supplement and supplement of the painting.It is the spirit and soul of the literati painter.The poem,inscription or inscription is based on the fundamental needs and status of the literati painter;the paragraph serves as an explanation and narrative.The performance on the inscriptions of literati paintings is mainly poems,inscriptions,and essays.Most of the inscriptions are poems and essays,and most of the inscriptions have high literary value.These poems are fresh and euphemistic,or poetic and pictorial,or critical,or worrying about the country and the people,and they have a few words that are profound and endless.Poems inscribed on paintings have also become an important part of Chinese classical poetry,and are increasingly valued by the literary world.Chapter One "The Literary Attributes of Literati Paintings in "Shiqu Baoji"",taking Wang Wei,Su Shi,and Xu Wei as examples,from "there is a picture in a poem,and there is a poem in a picture","the painting is not full of meaning,and words can supplement''"Painting is like a shadow of drama",and so on,discusses the literary type,characteristics and value of the Chinese painting inscriptions of "Shiqu Baoji",and its historical achievements and status in the history of ancient Chinese literature.Chapter Two "The "Shiqu Baoji" Literati Paintings in the Context of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism",continue to have an in-depth discussion on the "Shiqu Baoji" Literati Paintings.Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism are the three main sources of Chinese culture,which are deeply reflected in the creation of literati painting.This chapter roughly follows the three ideological sources and systems of Confucianism,Buddhism,and Taoism,starting from the group of emperor painters as Confucianism,Zen painters as Buddhism,and Taoist painters as Taoism,and discusses the "emperor taste" of Confucianism and the "independence of Zen".The specific expression of "words" and Taoism's "technical advancement in Tao" in the inscriptions of literati paintings in "Shiqu Baoji".The seal was called "Xi" or "Xijie" in ancient times.As early as the Xi-Zhou Dynasty,the seal had been used on documents.After that,he experienced Chunqiu and Zhanguo seals,Qin and Han seals,seals of envelope,lucky words,image seals,Tang and Song seals,signature,and then transitioned to the literati seals of the Yuan Dynasty,until the Ming and Qing dynasty seals,idioms,allusions,and historical seals.In particular,the words,sentences and idioms in literati paintings have a very close relationship with literature.The preface of Zhou Lianggong's "Lai Gutang Yinpu" stated: "The book of Fu Si Miao can stand up to the mountains,but it is difficult to entertain a few cases,and the book of Li Du is difficult to express the details of the palm.It is about a thousand words.The figures are reduced to half a scale,not exceeding the diameter and inch,and the inscription on the stele is the victory of the poetry and music,but only the stamp." Due to the size limit,the painting cannot be proverbial,but only from the limited size,the painting ideas,literary ideas and feelings of literati scholars can also be seen from every inch,which demonstrates the literary attributes of literati seal.In literati paintings,there are often two terms called "inscription" and "inscription knowledge".Literati painting notes,also called literati painting knowledge,is also one of the important manifestations of ancient Chinese literary problems.The conventional forms of expression are one note,supplementary note,third note,then fourth note,or single-recognition and re-recognition.From a functional point of view,the Tang Dynasty literati painting "Note" included in "Shiqu Baoji" is mainly narrative.After the Song Dynasty,"Note" began to learn from the expression of poetry and poetry,and gradually produced lyrical and argumentative.Different literary expressions have different functions,and their length variation depends on individual,time and event.The third chapter discusses "the literary expression of the literati painting marks and notes in " Shiqu Baoji "".From the perspectives of the "free seals are not free" and the "Qianlong free seals",as well as the literary narration and lyricism of the pictures,the literary expression of the literati paintings is elaborated.The postscript of the literati painting is located after the comment,comments,note,and seal,or narrative,or lyrical,or argument,expressing feelings about the literati painting,inscription,note,and seal.It is written separately outside the painting and mounted on the literati painting together,they become an indispensable part of literati painting.Literati painting began in the Song Dynasty,developed in the Yuan Dynasty,and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is an important part of the postscript literature of later generations.The fourth chapter discusses "the literary elements of " Shiqu Baoji " literati painting postscript".The basic conclusion is: literati painting postscript has literary functions such as description,narration,lyricism,and argumentation.The postscripts of literati paintings are inseparable from the identification of forgery and the transfer of Tibetans.The postscripts of literati collectors of the past generations are also an important part of ancient Chinese painting literature;the postscripts of literati paintings have formed a literary style with an independent humanistic spirit,making Chinese paintings transmit from being skilled to being artistic,and finally to the level of Tao,so as to distinguish it from courtyard painting,painter painting,folk painting,etc.,and reach the realm of "Tao beyond skill".A large number of literati painting comments,marks,notes,postscripts,and seals included in "Shiqu Baoji" not only broaden the subject matter of ancient Chinese poetry,but also enhance it with its integrated form of poetry and painting,painting and painting,and inscription.The artistic expression of the comment,mark,note,postscript and seal.Although the comment,comment,note,postscript,and seal of the literati painting in "Shiqu Baoji" mainly exist as an accessory to the literati painting,it has its unique stylistic characteristics and contains in-depth thinking on the philosophy of life.And the unique contribution of spiritual value,formed the related literati painting literature,inscription literature,inscription literature,and printed literature.The philosophical thinking,literary connotation and spiritual character of "Shiqu Baoji" literati painting literature have made it a gorgeous landscape in the history of ancient Chinese literature. |
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