Modern Chinese Has An Atypical Middle Structure With "?"

The thesis raises a topical but not systematic research on the non-conventional modifier-head construction with DE in Chinese language.The special subjects that we choose are all the ones that usually occur in language use and the process of teaching Chinese as a secnod languageWithin the framework of Cognitive Linguistics,we adopt several paradigms such as induction and deduction,form and meaning,universality and individuality and so forth.Through the detailed investigation on several non-conventional modifier-head constructions,we dig into the motivation of this type of structures and provide more detailed explanation to each of themAs non-Chinese speakers,the problems we focus on are different from the ones the native researchers concerns.That is to say,the research approaches and problems for non-Chinese speakers are based on the purpose of practicability.Therefore,we conduct the research combining descriptive and explanatory,theoretical and practical methods.Besides Introduction and final remarks,there mainly are 5 chapters,which are as follows:(1)The classification of modifier-head construction(2)"N1 DE N2" in quasi-attributive(3)Nominalized "NDE V/A"(4)predictival attribute "V DE N"(5)non-conventional modifier-head construction in Chinese and the corresponding ones in Vietanamese The structure of the thesis has been arranged as followsChapter one is a brief introduction to some foregoing issues about the research so as to pave the way for further work,such as literature review,the reason of selecting this topic,research object,theoretical framework,research methodologies,research values and so on.Chapter two is the clarification of the definition of "attributive" in grammar,and then it categorizes the modifier-head constructions into two types,namely conventional and non-conventional ones.As is known,the relations between the attributive and the head are usually possessive,modificatory or restrictive in the typical modifier-head constructons;whereas in the atypical ones,the relations between the attributive and the head are various,for example,some are restrictive(e.g.V de N),some are nominalized;some are superficially formed as a typical modifier-head structure but essentially a quasi-attribute structure expressing a particular relation of semantics.From the perspective of valency,cognitive and reference theory,chapter three investigates four types of non-conventional possessive constructions formed with "N1 DE N2",which are:(1)ta de laoshi(dangde hao)‘????(???)';(2)(ta kan-le)santian de dianshi‘(???)?????';(3)Zhang San de yuangao,Li Si de beigao(?????,?????);(4)(wo bang)ni de bang jinxing yanjiu((??)???????).Based on the investigation on the semantic type of N1 and N2 in each construction,this dissertation discloses the semantic restriction of N1 and N2 and the production machanism of each structure.It ultimately finds out that N1 in example(1)could also be a common noune;the property of V in(2)decides the structure as a quasi-attributive one or not;the temporary relation between N2 and N1 makes(3)a special usage;V and N2 in(4)could combine into a compound word which could not add any component as its object.Chapter four is an in-depth study on "N de V/A" structure.From the perspective of valency,cognition,reference relation and the theory of three surfaces,we find out the semantic type of and the relation among the nouns,verbs or adjectives of the structure,and make an particular inspection of two questions(1)what kind of verbs and adjectives could enter into "N de V/A";and(2)what kind of prepositions that "N de V/A" could cooccur with.Chapter five is also an in-depth study on "V de N" structure.From the perspective of valency,cognition,reference relation and the theory of three surfaces,it finds out the semantic type of and the relation between the nouns,verbs in the structure,probes into the rules of the usage of DE and the conditions that "V de" may replace "V de N" in the contexts.In the end,it exposes the syntactic,pragmatic function and its related predicate words."N de V/A" is one of the nominalization phenomena,which highlights the referentiality of the whole structure.Chapter six explores the funciton and the nature of DE in Chinese and the corresponding cua in Vietnamese.Moreover,this chapter compares the "N de V/A"and "V de N" in Chinese language and the "article V/A cua N" and "N<connective>V" in Vietnamese so as to reveal the individuality and universality in the two languages.When N is an animacy noun,De could not be ommitted;while N could be deleted when N is not an animacy noun.Besides,the V de N structure with referentiality enriches the semantic meaning of the nodifier-noun phrase.Chapter Seven provides a summary of the main contents and summarizes the viewpoints of this dissertation.In the end,it points out the orientation in future work.