Governance Practice Of Social Justice Guidance

As a Christian country,Britain has a long tradition of helping the poor.In the process of transiting into a bourgeois society,the British government is forced to assume the function of helping the poor originally borne by the Christian church.However,Britain's welfare state concept and desire are by no means natural derivative products of pre-modem tradition of helping the poor.Historically,after the industrial revolution,the British capitalist economy achieves a full development,at the same time,many social maladies are also spawned,thus the tradition of helping the poor goes on under the new historical conditions.Before the Second World War,there is a large amount of impoverished people in British cities,and protests,strikes and other activities commonly occur,which makes it become an urgent task to improve workers' living standards.Meanwhile,due to undergo the worldwide economic crisis,British domestic economic situation is very grim which is combined with the burden of traditional welfare system,thus it is imperative to put forward a radical policy.At this moment,the post-war reconstruction of the Second World War provides a real opportunity for this policy's implementation.The temporizing British Labour party emerges,proposes not to overthrew the system and make a violent revolution;it claims that the social foundation is in the middle and lower class and a series of improvement should be made in response to the social welfare demands.In this case,the Beveridge Report hosted,drafted,and issued by the British Labour party comes into the historical stage.The Beveridge Report can be said to be the first comprehensive policy report specially framing the national welfare in the western social history and its appearance has the milestone significance.Since then,the government no longer regards the social welfare as a kind of moral"mercy" in the sense of old Poor Law,but puts it on the basis of modern citizen's consciousness,that is,all citizens are equal to share the social welfare provided by the countries regardless of economic conditions and social class,which is also the fundamental feature of the modern welfare countries.As a political party of drafting the Beveridge Report,the Labour party defeats the national hero Churchill in the post-war election with a series of social welfare ideas.After that,the Labour party makes lots of reform of British welfare system in accordance with the principles of the Beveridge Reportin its administration,and creates the social security system in western societies.But the development of the welfare state policy has undergone a long and difficult process.This system reflects the complex post-war social situation in Britain and the variability of the policy itself from emergence to constant improvement and transformation.As a great system creation,there are a lot of problems in British welfare state policy.At the beginning of the construction,national finance is able to support and these problems are implicit without outburst.With the deepening of the construction,fiscal expenditure is more and more big,but the growth of fiscal revenue is relatively stable;the problems begin to expose which makes people unbearable.First half of the 1950s,the Labour party takes the lead in reflection on the welfare state policy,and a ideological trend of so-called revisionist emerges.It holds that the original route of socialism of Labour party is no longer in line with the British social development at the present situation,therefore,it is obliged to make some necessary amendments to the existing socialist political line and the welfare state policy basing on the current situation of Britain.The representative result is the book The Future of Socialism published by Grosland in 1956.After entering the 1970s,the British economy suffers from a long-term recession and "stagflation".The welfare state policy is increasingly criticized by people.Under the guidance of the Conservative party,people's resentment is directed toward the consensus of welfare state,in which a large number of the middle and lower social class voters in the working class accept this idea.That is,the welfare state policy which makes them live a dignified life should be responsible for today's economic dilemma.In 1979,the Conservative party goes back into the power and holds power for a long time.During this period,the government led by Conservative party promotes the privatization of state-owned enterprises,on one hand;on the other hand it cuts government spending and introduces the market mechanism into the welfare system.And the welfare system that state arranges all from cradle to grave originally set up under the leadership of Labour party5 is broken.The tortuous developmental experience of building the welfare state system in Britain implies a eommon thread behind-dynamic balance of fairness and efficiency.This is not only the main problem solved by Labour party during its ruling,and the later introspection of state welfare and the Conservative party's debugging after its coming into power is also the reflection of this fundamental problem.The building process of welfare state also reflects the most classic principle of "conflict-compromise" of British modernization pattern.Whether China,which has not yet finished the construction of welfare state,continues to go forwards in the direction of British mode,or tries to avoid its crises and traps in advance,is not a precocious problem.