Research On The Historical Evolution Of CPC's Social Governance Since Reform And Opening Up

As an important part of state governance,social governance constitutes an essential connotation of social construction.Though the concept of "social governance" was not proposed until the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the CPC,the ruling party in China,has been exploring social governance suitable to China's national conditions ever since the birth of New China.Particularly after China's adoption of the reform and opening-up policy,the CPC's exploration of social governance has been experiencing a process of gradual enriching by keeping up with the times.During the process,a series of precious experience and implications has been accumulated.Since China's adoption of the reform and opening-up policy,the CPC has stuck to the guidance of basic Marxist theories.Constant exploration efforts have been made based on the findings during the socialist construction period.In the new period of reform and opening-up,social governance had recovery and restoration of the social order as the objective and ideological emancipation as the prerequisite to establish the ideological basis of the social order;adjustment of social relations in different aspects as the opportunity to promote basic recovery of the social order;political reform as the focus to enhance and rebuild political guarantee for the social order;delegation of powers to lower levels as the main line to consolidate the power subjects of the social order;interests of the people as the orientation to strengthen the mass basis for the social order.In the new period of socialist market-oriented reform,social governance focused on maintenance and consolidation of social stability and stuck to promoting people's all-around development as the ultimate objective of social stability;regarded organic integration of "rule of law"and "rule of virtue" as an effective tool to increase social stability;coped with contradictions among the people correctly and took it as a linchpin to guaranteeing social stability;coordinated the relationship among reform,development and stability and made it a basic method to safeguard social stability.In the new century of harmonious society construction,social governance is oriented towards maintenance and promotion of social harmony and puts people in the first place under the guidance of core concepts of social harmony;sticks to the fundamental approach—social construction with guaranteeing and improving people's livelihoods as the core—to propel social harmony;accelerates reform of the social management institution to build a new pattern of social harmony featuring "leadership of the CPC committee,government accountability,social collaboration and public participation".In the new era,new breakthroughs have been made by CPC to enrich ideas of social governance.First,the CPC has planned social governance from the strategic level of state governance.Second,"social administration" has been replaced by "social governance",thus realizing a major transformation of the concept of social governance.Third,the new social governance pattern characterized by "joint construction","joint governance" and "sharing" has been proposed to achieve a major breakthrough of the social governance strategic pattern.Fourth,the online social governance has been strengthened,which has expanded the scope of social governance from the real-world society to the virtual society on the Internet.By examining the formation and development process of the CPC's social governance since China's introduction of the reform and opening-up program,one can obtain the following major implications:1)good social governance relies on constant strengthening and improvement CPC leadership;2)to shift the focus of social governance to the grassroots is a must-taken path for good social governance;3)it is imperative to constantly improve the "four modernizations" level of social governance.