A Study On The Policy Implementation Model Of Administrative Examination And Approval System Reform

Since the establishment of the new government in 2013,it has deepened the reform of the administrative examination and approval system to promote the transformation of government functions.According to the integrated planning of the State Council,governments at all levels should deepen the reform through streamlining administration and delegating more authority to the lower levels and strengthening in-process and post-process monitoring.The overall design and promotion of the State Council's leading reform are strategic.Local governments are the executive entities which determine the effectiveness of the implementation of policies.The reform of the administrative examination and approval system has achieved initial successes in multiple aspects.The standardization of governments' authority to approve improves approval efficiency and revitalizes economy.However,there is still a considerable gap between the current result and public expectation in spite of the remarkable achievements.There are some general problems such as that the lack of openness and transparency in requirements,standards,procedures and time limits of administrative examination,and unregulated authority of the administrative officials,and the randomness of decision making.As a whole,the reform of administrative examination and approval system has the issue of implementation gap between target and effect.The analysis of the causes of the 'implementation gap' in the domestic academia mainly focuses on the reform of the institutional mechanism and the top-level design of the target.The practice sector focuses on the analysis and exploration of the typical cases.There are few studies on the implementation of reformed policies,especially the policy attributes and the impact of policy implementation processes.In fact,the differences in policy attributes of administrative examination and approval system reform will lead to significant differences in policy implementation and results under certain circumstances,which is the key reason for the implementation of the gap.Different policy attributes result in different policy implementation models,and different implementation mode will bring different effects of policy implementation.Therefore,strengthening the administrative examination and approval system reform policy implementation model,in order to crack the policy "implementation gap" problem,is not only a necessity of reality,but also has theoretical research value.This thesis focuses on the use of Richard E.Matland's 'ambiguity-conflict' model as a theoretical tool to analyze the policy implementation of the administrative examination and approval system reform.In this thesis,four important topics in the reform of the administrative examination and approval system are taken as the research object,namely,the streamlining of administrative examination and approval matters,the exploration of centralized administrative examination and approval,the development of an approval authority list system and the standardization of administrative examination and approval.To conductresearch on each topic,representative cases have been selected and date is collected by the author through questionnaires and interviews for empirical analysis.On the basis of theoretical research and empirical analysis,this paper summarizes the policy implementation process and its implementation model of China's administrative examination and approval system reform.In this thesis,four important topics about the reform of the administrative examination and approval system are studied.First,the policy background,the policy implementation process and the internal logic of the typical cases are analyzed,and then the different cases of the implementation of the policy are compared and the internal reasons for the policy implementation difference are revealed,and finally integrating different policy implementation mode characteristics,a roadmap of enhancing the effectiveness of policy implementation path is proposed.This paper studies the formation of three aspects of the concluding view.First,the implementation result of China's administrative examination and approval system reform policy depends on the policy attributes.Regarding policy attribute,that is,its ambiguity and the level of the conflict,determines the effect of the policy implementation.The policy implementers will adjust and apply the different implementation strategies according to the different attributes,so that the policy objectives can be achieved in different degrees.Second,the four executive modes are low ambiguity,high-conflict political execution,high ambiguity,low-conflict experimental execution,high ambiguity,high-conflict symbolic execution,low ambiguity,low-conflict administrative execution.There is a large difference between the different modes of policy implementation.Third,China's administrative examination and approval system reform between the different implementation models can switch through dynamic transformation.By analyzing the main factors influencing the two-dimensional attributes and policy implementation,the reforming decision-makers can realize the dynamic transformation between different policy execution modes by adjusting the ambiguity and the level of conflict of the policy.The author believes that this thesis has theoretical value and practical significance.Theoretical value is reflected in two aspects.The first is the localization of Matland 's' ambiguity-conflict' model.Based on China's administrative practice,this study changes the main influencing factors of in the experimentalexecution model from the situation to the expected return of the policy,and the main factor of the symbolic execution mode from the coalition force to the superior attention.Through the amendment,the model is more applicable to explain the implementation of China's policy issues.The second is that this study specifies the internal process of policy implementation,and enriches the practical research of policy implementation.Some of the existing studies treat policy implementation abstractly as 'black box',highlighting its vagueness and uncertainty.This study is based on the policy implementation of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system.It is found that the policy implementers will judge the ambiguity and the conflict of the policy after obtaining the public policy,and determine the mode of policy implementation based on their judgment of the policy attributes.The mode transformation may occur after the execution mode has been determined.In summary,the policy implementation process consists of four steps:policy access-policy attribute determination-policy implementation mode confirmation-policy implementation mode transformation.The specification of the implementation of policy will lead to a better analysis of policy implementation of the main body and strategy,to find out the reasons for the implementation of policy changes,and thus enhance the effectiveness of policy implementation.Based on the typical case analysis of policy implementation and the distinction of policy attributes,this study establishes four different policy enforcement modes in the field of administrative examination and approval system reform,and puts forward the transformation path to enhance the effect of policy implementation.A clear policy implementation model and a clear model transformation path are of practical significance to the policy implementation of the reform of the administrative examination and approval system.Of course,there are still potentials for further studies and verification in this paper,which is mainly reflect in the issue that policy implementation is a public policy process with high contingency.It is susceptible to ignore the true impacts of external aspects and the validity of the policy,when the analysis on the effectiveness of execution is based on attributes and the related administrative strategy.