The Research Of Arctic Environmental Governance And Its Chinese Participation

Global warming has gradually reduced the snow cover in the Arctic area,and the exploitability and availability of Arctic resources has accrued,thus the frequency of human activities in the Arctic has gradually increased with that,all lead to the environment's undergoing dramatic changes nowadays.It can't be denied that the Arctic ecosystem is an indispensable part of the global ecosystem.The environment changes can not only have a major impact on the Arctic region,but also have triggered a global public crisis,which have been gradually attracting the attention of countries around the world.Since Arctic environmental issues have the attributes in terms of global public problems,Arctic environmental governance is a global public affair in consequence.To manage the Arctic environment effectively,countries and organizations with the willingness and capabilities should participate in Arctic environmental governance.Since the environment of the Arctic region is specifically unique and the structure of the bio-chain is relatively simple,the Arctic ecosystem is in a fragile equilibrium,all leads to a delicate self-regulation and anti-interference capability.Once the Arctic region's ecological environment is destroyed,it will be inescapable to face an irreparable situation,therefore the maintenance and governance of the Arctic environment is imminent.In order to protect and improve the Arctic environment,a series of governance measures have been adopted,but the current Arctic environmental governance is not satisfactory though.Plentiful factors in the dilemma such as the loose existing system,lockage of comprehensive and effective management system,geography and political tensions brought about a lack of effectiveness in Arctic environmental governance.The Arctic environmental governance can mainly be solved by the public goods provided by the management body of the Arctic environmental affairs.The lack of effectiveness of public goods represents the failure of public values.To solve the deficiency of Arctic environmental governance requires the reconstruction of public values.That is,it is necessary to rediscover and create public values for the governance of the Arctic environment.The theory of public value management advocates solving public problems by creating one.The public value management of the Arctic environment is an effective way to solve the problem of public value failure of Arctic environmental governance.The theory of public value management began to emerge in the 1990s.Through the theory of public value management,Moore built a conceptual framework of public values for public sector managers,and clarified that the core of public affairs management is to create public values.Public value management not only focuses on the results of public affairs management,but also on the process in it.The generation of public value is a significant manifestation of people's public rational awakening,and can be realized by means of public goods.Therefore,the generation of public value is based on the public goods as objective basis,together with the public reason as subjective basis,public domain offers a social prerequisite for value exchange and interaction between relevant entities.The theory of public value management provides an idea for solving the individualistic crisis,the crisis of legitimacy,the crisis of globalization and coping with the development of informatization in modern society.It responds effectively to the value dilemma encountered by the governance theory in the development process.In order to create public value,the public affairs management institution must define the public value properly.The process of defining the public value is to seek the process of public preferences with public rationality continuously.In the process of public value management,public institutions must constantly adjust to the public,and guide the public preferences in the meantime.Public value management emphasizes the establishment of a multi-centered governance mechanism,and the definition and creation of public values need to be completed in it.Compared with the previous one,the public value management theory emphasizes a dynamic publicity,that is,a publicity based on a multi-centered networked governance structure,which makes the public value management theory suitable for analyzing international affairs lacking of enforcement.Therefore,we can use public value management theory to analyze management issues in Arctic environmental affairs.The core of public value management on the Arctic environment is to create the public value of Arctic environmental governance,and the creation of public values for Arctic environmental governance needs to be based on the principles of justice,fairness,openness,efficiency,sustainability and ecology,which are the main criteria for the value performance.To create the public value of Arctic environmental governance,the public value of Arctic environmental governance should be firstly defined,that is,to obtain and integrate the value preference information of stakeholders in Arctic environmental affairs.At present,the value transfer method in the Arctic environmental governance is relatively one fold,while the transfer of value is not a single,one-way process in the process of public value management of the Arctic environment,but a multi-dimensional and cyclical course.The creation of the public value of Arctic environmental governance should always be proceeded in a multi-center networked cooperation mechanism,in which the management body of the Arctic environmental affairs and other participating entities can define the public value in union.The management body of Arctic environmental affairs is authorized to manage its own behavior,and to explain and publicize the public products it provides in this mechanism,thus the creation of public values can be finally realized.The changes in the Arctic environment have had a pluralistic impact on China,which are separately the major threats of ecological security,economic security,and energy security since China is a vital stakeholder in the Arctic environment.Although the stakeholders of the Arctic environmental issues should be partners in the creation of public values for Arctic environmental governance in principle,the fact is only those with the capability of contribution can play a role in it.For the time being,China can make significant contributions to the environmental governance of the Arctic in terms of public resource supply,scientific investigation and research,ecological culture and civilized construction.Therefore,the creation of public values for Arctic environmental governance requires China's participation to a large extent.At present,China pays close attention to Arctic environmental issues and actively participates in it,the theory of public value management provides a crucial theoretical basis for China's taking part in Arctic environmental governance.The public value management in Arctic environmental is a momentous channel for China's effective role playing in Arctic environmental governance.