Research On Characteristics,Evolution And Health Effects Of The Elderly Health Behavior

The average life expectancy in 2017 has reached 76.7 years.After 60 years old,near60%-90%of odd life was living with diseases.Unhealthy longevity can cause a factitious demand for the medical and supporting resources.Old people are at high risk of chronic diseases.The causes of chronic diseases are not only biological factors,but are the combined contribution of heredity,lifestyle,environment,initial medical history,and the psychological causes.The World Health Organization has pointed out that unhealthy lifestyles have a long-term passive effect on personal health.The cost of health prevention is far below the treatment cost.Some elderly people begin to carry out health prevention,management and even auxiliary rehabilitation consciously or unconsciously through health behaviors.What are the traits of the elderly health behavior?What are the evaluative rules of the elderly health behavior?What factors influence the evolution of the elderly health behavior?What is the mechanism of evolvement?What is the relevance of the elderly health behavior and health conditions?The problems are concerned with the optimization of the elderly health behavior,the improvements of health conditions,and the quality of life.Optimizing health behavior of the older people is not only a medical problem,but also a social problem.This thesis focuses on the characteristics and dynamic evolution of the health behaviors.The potential variables of elderly health behavior were extracted from the explicit variables of health behavior indicators by the potential category analysis model.The elderly health behavior was accurately classified into five classes,and the thesis also has discussed the differences between different classes of health behavior.The evolution rules and mechanism during the past ten years was depicted.The influencing factors and mechanisms of the evolution have been revealed.On this basis,the paper has illustrated the health and restraint effects between health behavior and the elderly health.The first part is the introduction.The paper has laid a solid foundation by review and processing the data provides by CLHLS and interview material,in this context of the Healthy China and aging population.Then the paper has put forward core concepts,study aims,research ideas,analytical framework,and research contents and so on.The second part is the theoretical basis,which has elaborated the theory and use of the health behaviors and health.The third part is the real diagnosis partial which is Chapter 2-5.The second chapter has illustrated the handling strategy of the stats,the screening criteria for observed variables and other variables,and the description of specimen type.The third chapter has revealed the characteristic and differences of elderly health behavior.Eleven specific behavioral indicators were used as apparent variances,including risk behaviors and health-promoting behaviors.The potential variables have been extracted from the explicit variables of health behavior indicators by the potential category analysis model.The elderly health behavior was accurately classified.The paper also has discussed the differences of social security and society service,family and personal characteristics,between different classes of health behavior.The fourth chapter has presented the evolution rules and mechanism.The rules,evolutionary process and influencing factors of health behavior have been revealed by the combination of Growth Mixture Modeling and qualitative data.The health effects and restraint effects between health behavior and health indicators were discussed using the Cross-Lagged Autoregressive Models in the fifth chapter.The fourth section has summarized and generalized the study's conclusions,put forward a series of policy implications,and proposed future research plan.Five main conclusions can be drawn form the paper:First,there is latent variable,elderly health behavior,which is based on observed variables.The elderly health behavior can be divided into five classes:negative behavior type,relatively negative behavior type,general behavior type,relatively positive behavior type and positive behavior type by LCA.The proportion of the elderly belonging to different types of health behaviors has been constantly changing over the past decade,and the trend of optimizing their health behaviors has become increasingly clear.Second,there are significant differences between social security and service,family characteristics and personal characteristics in elderly health behaviors.Elderly people are healthier,who have enjoyed health education and health care service form community.The health type is better,who were treated promptly in childhood.Those have tended to better health types,who enjoy guarantees of lifetime income.Those have tended to be polarized,that negative behavior type and positive health behavior goes hand in hand,who enjoy health care.The higher the family's annual income,the elderly would tend to the better health behavior types.The elderly with longer education years,spouses and higher career levels would tend to better health behavior types.And the elderly has significant gender,urban-rural and regional differences in health behavior types.Third,the evolution of health behaviors in the elderly shows a tendency toward healthy although cycles.In the past ten years,77.2%of the elderly health behaviors have been optimized in the positive direction,that is,corrective types.22.8%of the elderly health behaviors have remained unchanged or get worse,that is,non-corrective types.There are significant differences in the difficulty and participation enthusiasm of different health behavior types.Fourth,the evolution of elderly health behaviors is influenced by social security and service,family characteristics and individual characteristics.The probability of health behavior correction among the elderly who had received timely treatment,endowment insurance and medical insurance was lower.There is a positive correlation between the health care services in the community and the health behavior correction.Those have higher possibility of health behavior correction,who have the higher family's annual income,been older,the shorter education years,the lower career levels before 60.The worse of health is the main causes of health behavior correction in the elderly.The awakening of self-awareness is the real motive of health behavior correction in the elderly.The influence form family members are an important factor for the correction of health behavior correction in the elderly.Other factors such as work or economy have played a supporting role on the correction of health behavior in the elderly.Fifth,there are significant correlation between the elderly health behaviors and health status.There were positive effects of health behaviors on self-rated health,activities of daily living(ADL)and instrumental activity of daily living(IADL).There is a positive and strengthening correlation between health behaviors and mental health,also the cognitive capacity.The health behaviors types have been constrained by self-rated health,the cognitive capacity and mental health.The binding effect between elderly health behaviors,ADL and IADL is weaker and has ambiguous direction.There is negative correlation between the elderly health behaviors and chronic diseases,and the binding effect between elderly health behaviors and chronic diseases is reverse.The more the number of chronic diseases in the previous period,the more likely the elderly to have a lower risk of health behavior types in the latter period.According to the above conclusions,the thesis puts forward three policy recommendations:First,carry out diverse health education,advance health literacy of old people,and enhance self-discipline in health behaviors.Second,strengthen the top-level design so as to optimize the health insurance system and enhance the preventive function,which has provided the institution guarantee.Third,increase financial input and foster cooperation between health service organizations,neighborhood committees and families.At the same time,the following research plans and assumptions are put forward from the aspects of discrepancies between urban and rural areas,the mechanism of influencing factors on the evolution of elderly health behaviors,the heterogeneity of different groups of elderly people with different health behaviors,and deepening of social policies for optimizing elderly health behaviors.These innovative points of this report:First,research perspectives,the paper use health behaviors as entry points to solve the problems of medical issues and old-age issues,which is a new look at the the realisation integrated treatment and convalesce.The vast majority of old people are in troubles,which are living with diseases or in unhealthy longevity.The way out would be the combination of medical and medical care.The research about the combination of medical and medical care focus on the comprehensive arrange of medical resources and supporting resources.But it has overlooked the activeness of old people in disease prevention and endowment risk reduction.The paper has focused on the elderly health behavior,presented with the evolutions and rules,excavated the evolution power,and find the way to solve the medical and supporting issue by optimizing health behaviors.It is a development for the combination of medical and medical care,and an active exploration to help the old people out of the woods.Second,the paper has tried some new research methods.Based on the research idea of observed and latent variables,the paper has gives the categorized results of elderly health behaviors and have helped to analyze elderly health behaviors in details by LCA,which has been out of the woods to evaluate health behaviors.Based on four periods of health behaviors,the paper has reached the quantitative conclusion of the elderly health behaviors by GMM,which has balanced the heterogeneity and variation of the growth trajectories.At the same time,the paper has arrived at the preliminary deduction between the elderly health behaviors and health indicators based on the idea of Cross-Lagged Autoregressive Models that is including three-stage process and dual path.The dual path means from previous health behaviors to lagging health conditions and from previous health conditions to lagging health behaviors.It is an active try to explore the reciprocal causation.