Study On Saint-Simon's Social Theory And Its Contemporary Value

After the French Revolution,the bourgeoisie gained the political power.In order to preserve the rule of the class,they preached that the capitalist system was rational and just,and tried hard to fix it.In this context of the times,St.Simon believed that the capitalist system was fading a regime that cannot remain unchanged for the time being,and that it would eventually perish.At the same time,St.Simon advocated that new theories should be used to replace and transform capitalist society.It can be seen that the social theory of St.Simon is a theoretical critique and construction of the reality of capitalist society,and it is a system of social management Organization,which aims to meet the needs of the most people and improve the destiny of human being.The social theory of St.Simon is one of the sources of scientific socialism thought,from the social theory of St.Simon to Marx's social theory to the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,which reflects the theoretical development and innovation of socialism from Utopia to science,to practice in the developing path.Based on that,the thesis carries out its research from the following three aspects:Firstly,the thesis starts with the relevant content of St.Simon's social theory,and investigates his life experience and book reviews.On this basis,it puts its perspective on St.Simon's social theory,and explores the specific contents of St.Simon's social theory from two aspects of social development theory,criticism and construction theory.On the one hand,it probes into St.Simon's understanding of the basic law of human social development,points out that human society is a regular natural historical process,and that its society is the general trend of continuous advancement,and sets forth the status of social development.Through the demonstration of "Golden Age" and "Two Hypotheses",St.Simon analyzed the relevant theoretical content of social development.For example,the "Golden Age" originated in Homer's period,which depicted the human society with equality,fraternity and property,and then gradually became the representative of the ideal society,and led the people's yearning and pursuit.St.Simon pointed out that the golden age is in the future,and totally reflected his understanding of social development issues is profound,human society tends to progress.That also totally reflected his deep understanding of social development issues.Meanwhile,the theory reflected by the "two hypotheses" is the social situation after the progress of human society.The country of the future society is to be abolished,and the idea of class antagonism is embodied in the separation of mental and physical labor,which includes the management of society by social organizations,the creation of history by the people,and the separation of brain and physical labors.On the other hand,this thesis explores St.Simon's theory of social criticism and construction.St.Simon recognized the basic law of human social development.At the same time,he also observed that capitalist society had the characteristics of political oppression,economic exploitation and diplomatic aggression.On this basis,St.Simon criticized the capitalist system and the capitalist values represented by egoism.He proposed that the political system of capitalism was a new oppressive system,and that the economic system of capitalism was a cruel plunder of the people.Finally,he defined capitalism as a social system transiting from feudal system to industrial system.St.Simon is famous for his critical theory,but also for building a future social blueprint.The industrial system is the ideal social system in the future that he envisaged,which makes the producers(industrialists)and scholars become the ruling class,grasps the power of all aspects of society,and supplemented by the new Christianity as the industrial moral system.Secondly,on the basis of discussing the main contents of St.Simon's social theory,the thesis deeply analyses the theoretical characteristics,theoretical contributions and limitations of St.Simon's social theory.On the one hand,St.Simon's theoretical characteristics are mainly studied from two aspects:St.Simon's characteristics relative to other utopian socialists and St.Simon's social theory itself in the early 19th century.From the macroscopic point of view,St.Simon's theory starts with the great social theory background,and emphatically embodies the characteristics of St.Simon in the aspects of rational cognition,understanding of the economic organization mode,social historical view and traditional religion.From the microscopic point of view,taking the perspective of St.Simon's social theory itself,St.Simon emphatically embodies the characteristics of theoretical starting point,theoretical method and theoretical purpose.On the other hand,this thesis mainly discusses two problems,one is the theoretical contribution,mainly refers to the St.Simon Social theory is one of the theoretical sources of scientific socialism.It provides a theoretical prototype for Marx and Engels'thought of social distribution,social management thought,social production thought,educational thought and human being's comprehensive and free development thought.Second,the theoretical limitation,mainly refers to the St.Simon Social theory is a social theory constructed in the field of thought.However,St.Simon's social theory divorces itself from social practice and regards religion as a scientific one.It has insufficient understanding of proletarian forces,revolutionary importance and racial equality.Finally,the thesis emphatically expounds that St.Simon's social theory has certain enlightenment to the construction of socialism with contemporary Chinese characteristics.On the basis of summing up experience and lessons,we should draw a clear line between scientific socialism and various non-scientific socialism.We should take the people as the center,attach importance to social production,pay attention to social fairness and justice,develop education for all and deepen the concept of reform,build socialism with Chinese characteristics,realize the "Chinese Dream" of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation from building a well-off society in an all-round way to a powerful socialist modernization country.In a word,St.Simon's Social theory is the social theory of St.Simon's conception of the ideal society of the future,and its theoretical significance lies not in transforming the existing capitalist society,but in the conception and sketch of the Future society.This vision and sketch from Utopia to science,from science to practice,has certain enlightenment to the construction of socialism with contemporary Chinese characteristics.