Research On The Main Types And Governance Of Illegal Immigration In Contemporary China

Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of China's economy and society and the continuous expansion of opening to the outside world,the number of illegal immigrants entering China has been increasing day by day.Entry of a large number of illegal immigrants,for our country's economic and social development and national security brought a series of problems: the economic level,the illegal immigrants will constitute the impact on the labor market,accelerate the consumption of resources and environment destruction,at the same time a large number of illegal immigrants brought about by the underground economy has also led to the normal order of market economy by impact;On the political level,illegal immigrants from some sensitive countries or regions,such as north Korea,will attract a lot of international attention,and may even cause the intervention of some countries and international organizations.On the social level,illegal immigrants' desperation limited by the status dilemma will increase the illegal behaviors and disturb the public order.Domestic and foreign research on governance issues often focuses on theoretical research and empirical analysis of the phenomena,patterns,impacts and forming factors of the problems,and thus find effective ways to improve governance methods and enhance governance effectiveness.However,due to the conflict between realism and idealism,i.e.the negative correlation between national interests and humanitarianism,illegal immigration often falls into a dilemma of contradiction in the process of governance.We need to fully consider the complexity of the reality,and then dynamically grasp the internal tension between national interests and humanitarianism.From the perspective of governance,the main illegal behaviors of illegal immigrants in China can be divided into three categories: illegal residence,illegal employment and illegal transnational marriage.At the same time,based on the ambiguity of legal and practical definition of refugees and illegal immigrants,it can also be included in the scope of research.In terms of international refugees,China has accepted refugees from neighboring countries for three times in its history,mainly composed of Chinese and overseas Chinese of the same language and ethnic group.China has accumulated rich experience in refugee acceptance and governance,which has been highly recognized by the international community.At present,China has some "international refugees" whose status is disputed,such as defectors from North Korea.Some countries and international organizations ask our government to give refugee treatment,but our government refuses to recognize it.Behind this controversy,it reflects some problems in the management of refugees in China,such as the lack of special laws,competent institutions and identification standards.Because of these problems,our government lacks the initiative to identify refugees.In terms of illegal residence,a large number of illegal immigrants enter China with legal status.After entering China,they are no longer required by law to register.In practice,some cities in China are unable to carry out effective supervision due to the existence of gaps in the governance of rental housing,the lack of front-line police service ability and other factors.In terms of illegal employment,due to the aging of China's population and the improvement of residents' income level,some low-end labor-intensive industries have the problem of labor shortage.In contrast,neighboring Southeast Asia and other countries have a dense labor force,which is connected with China by mountains and rivers,making it very convenient to enter China.As a result,a large number of illegal immigrants from Vietnam,Myanmar and other countries have entered China for illegal employment in recent years.In the aspect of illegal transnational marriage,due to the imbalance of population sex ratio in China,it is difficult for men in some rural or backward areas to choose a spouse.Under this background,illegal transnational marriage is also becoming more and more fierce,and has the following characteristics: first,it is mainly based on the fact of marriage,most of which are not registered according to law;Second,foreign women are mainly married into China,and their gender orientation is single.Third,there is a high rate of intermarriage among ethnic groups,especially cross-border intermarriage in border areas.Fourth,has the obvious Commodity Exchange nature.Based on the specific research on four types of illegal immigration behaviors,it is found that there are some problems in the governance of illegal immigration in China.In terms of the management system,the management subjects are scattered,the degree of specialization is not enough,the level of hardware construction still needs to be improved,there is still a certain gap in the construction of the management team,and the relevant systems are not perfect enough.In terms of management personnel,foreign language and other professional quality levels still need to be improved.At present,the problem caused by illegal immigration has aroused great attention of the country.At the first session of the 13 th National People's Congress(NPC)in March 2018,the new state council institutional reform plan was reviewed and adopted,which clearly stated that an immigration administration bureau would be set up and managed by the ministry of public security.Among the main responsibilities of the immigration administration,it also takes the lead in coordinating the "three non-Chinese" foreigners' governance and the repatriation of illegal immigrants.From the situation of some developed countries such as Europe and America,if the problem of illegal immigration is not paid attention to,it may cause serious social crisis in the long run and even become an important political topic of public concern.At present,China's illegal immigration problem is not serious,but it is necessary to take precautions and strengthen management.First,speed up the legislative process and promote the introduction of the immigration law;second,build a unified immigration management system by relying on the immigration administration bureau.Third,step up international cooperation and coordinate international efforts to deal with illegal immigration.Fourth,we will carry out a pilot program for resettlement in some border areas.