A Study Of China's Smart Government: On The Pursuit Of Its Values & Goals And Their Realizations

IBM put forward the vision of a smart city and pushed it out into the world in 2010.Since then many countries have began to carry out smart city into practice,to build smart society and even smart country,which those sort of smart practice unprecedented hot and the demand for smart construction is increasing all the time.When the governance of cities,society and countries is changing from intelligence to smart,their administrator,the government as their management is also required to upgrade,decision-making and services from intelligence to smart.These requirements for governments to have higher intelligence and smarter will necessarily require e-government to transform from intelligent government to smart government,and e-administration to change synchronously from intelligent administration to smart administration.So building a smart government will be an inevitable choice for e-government to satisfy the needs of smart construction and entering a new stage of development.Smart government is based on the existing achievements of e-government.Its practice has just started,and its results are initiatory.Whether ongoing smart government and smart administration achievements are worthy of their names? How should we judge whether they meet the requirements of smart? Where and how should the construction and development of future smart government and its administration system go?These depend on whether people can correctly understand and reasonably distinguish between intelligence and smart,intelligent government and smartgovernment.In order to understand smart government correctly and clarify the measurement standard and characterization identification of smart government,the first chapter differentiates and analyzes the difference and correlation between "intelligence" and "smart" from semantic,philosophical,scientific and technological dimensions,analyzes and extracts the smart elements from relevant theoretical research results.On the basis of summarizing the main points of the existing concepts of smart government,this dissertation defines the basic meaning of smart government as a new government form which adheres to the "people-centered" idea,is oriented to meet public needs and solve complex social problems,is driven by innovation,taking the list of government functions as the basic framework and the smart decision-making as the core,builds administration systems with higher intelligence and smarter by using IT and improving internal and external relations in order to deliver proactive,accurate and efficient administration services to satisfy the public and even exceed public expectations.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of smart government,this dissertation presents that the attributes of smart government are mainly manifested as unify of intelligence and smart,agglomeration and extension,possibility and feasibility,succession and criticism,autonomy and normalization,in order to provide preliminary material for determining the judging principle for smart government and providing evidence for the relationship and boundary between the intelligent government and the smart government.After that,this dissertation explores why and how intelligent government and smart government are distinguished,and points out that the difference between them are not the level of intelligence,but the amount and degree of injecting,mixing and converging,blending and comprehending smart in operation.This dissertation considers that the mutual transformation between them should be promoted in above way,and the key to mutual transformation lies in the continuous integration of human wisdom.Only by relying on people's wisdom,which is a fundamental factor,could smart government pursuewisdom,then possess more wisdom and use it better,so as to promote e-government to the smart government.The notion that e-government should take the smart government as the development direction has reached a basic consensus.Smart government has been written into the national e-government program or specially formulated smart government plan in many countries and started to take action.The different countries' planned or ongoing goal of smart government programs are different,they may be not conform with the measurement standard and characterization identification of smart government in this dissertation.But even in IT leading countries,there is very little e-government can basically meet the measurement standard and characterization identification of smart government.However,building smart administration in various countries has made various degrees progress under the guidance of their goal planning,which demonstrates that the designed goal in the relevant plan for building e-government and smart government does have much to learn from.At least,the most valuable thing about their actions on building smart government industriously and lifting it to a national strategic height is to give people an answer in principle to where e-government should go.Smart government is in initial stage of development now.In this situation,it is originally important to make use of intelligent technology,machines and systems to support smart government with high intelligence,but more important to make smart government possess “wisdom” that matches its intelligent level at least.This is the reason or original attention why governments all over the world pay more attention to building smart government and plan their goals at the national strategy level.The second chapter begins with clarifying the value pursuit of the China's government and society,then explores the designed goals in the program of foreign e-government and smart government as well as its enlightenment and reference.On the basis of clarifyingthe selection principles of values and goals for China's smart government,this dissertation establishes the orientation of values and goals including: open and transparent governance environment,common consultation and deliberation cooperation atmosphere,building and sharing basis resources in common,accurate and efficient administration services,and equal and inclusive partnership.The main purpose is to clarify the development direction of China's smart government,and to lead governments at all levels and all the people to move toward the right direction so as to urge smart government not only to pursue wisdom but also to have more wisdom and to use wisdom better.Aiming at the intelligence and wisdom demands of smart government,focusing on building smart government which owns higher positioning-"people-centered" and more intelligent and smarter arrangement-"data-driven,mutual fusion among precise docking intelligent administration systems,data management,information management,knowledge management and more wisdom".The third chapter discusses the logical law of the generation and evolution of smart government,seeks for resource elements that intelligent generation and wisdom evolution rely on and logical models that could support smart government to possess wisdom,in order to obtain deserved building framework which could make smart government possess higher intelligence and more wisdom.The technical road map is as follows: firstly,clarifying the generation logic of smart government,exploring resource elements which intelligence generations of smart governmental machine or system could depend on,i.e.solving the problem of “where does the intelligence come from”,and putting forward that intelligence should be generated step by step according to being driven by data,based on data resources,and drawn support from the progressive relationship of resource elements such as data,information and knowledge;secondly,studying on which knowledge elements could be relied on and which logical approach could be adopted for realizing evolution fromintelligence to wisdom,i.e.solving the problem of "where does wisdom want to go",proposing that the resource elements that can generate human wisdom can be used as the basic elements of the wisdom generation of the smart government,and realizing management resources layer by layer and integrating wisdom into system continuously by using relevant management theories and methods,technical means and tools,and other wisdom elements aiming at providing mode and way for maintaining the legitimacy and rationality of survival and development of the smart government.Some public administration scholars propose adopting a smart government construction model that makes artificial intelligence infiltrate continuously into the government.This paper advocates the opposite direction,that is making administration system possess intelligence actually by embedding human wisdom into itself,then letting the wise-information-man continuously inject wisdom into the system with the help of man-machine interface in the application of administration system.Finally smart government could be promoted from intelligence level to wisdom one through other two steps.Firstly administration system integrates and accumulates wise-information-man wisdom.Secondly wise-information-man fuses and comprehends wisdom.The existing e-government and smart city practices have accumulated practical foundations and beneficial experiences for smart government construction.Smart government bases on the existing achievements of e-government and smart city.The key point of the research is obviously not the technological basis,management basis,and institution and mechanism.There is no doubt that all of the above contents are important,but they are the problems that have already been solved or should have been solved in the process of building e-government.The "wisdom" that a smart government should possess is its issue that should be paid more attention to and solved.The fourth chapter mainly explores how to arm smart government with wisdom by using the intelligence of the administration system and the wisdom of the whole people,anddiscusses how to provide possible and feasible ideological conditions and implementation paths for smart government.Specifically,starting from the demand of smart government applying wisdom,this dissertation firstly proposes to prepare ideological conditions such as inter-subjectivity ideological construction,inclusive cultural construction,ethical and moral education,thinking idea changing and knowledge ability cultivation so as to improve the soft power of smart government,then puts forward the practical conditions for smart government applying wisdom from the path of perfecting top-level design and action plan,building basic resources and administration system,and improving internal and external partnership so as to provide a solution for the hard power construction of smart government and realize the values and goals of smart government finally.