A Study On The Types Of Policy Implementation In Ethnic Autonomous Areas

With the deepenning of the reform of the socialist market economic system in our country,the changes in the soco-economic structure,and the transition of the social management system,profound changes have taken place in the grass-roots social structure and grass-roots socialmanagement service system.Communities are increasingly becoming the meeting point of social groups,the focus of social conflicts,and the focus of social govemance-Community construction has been identified as "a unit of social governance"by the govemment and academia.Since the 1980s,the central government has promulgated a series of policies on comnnunity construction,Witch cover the contents of conmmnity power,organization,grass-roots democratic construction,infrastructure construction,community services,etc.Under the guidance of policies,a typical community construction model has emerged in China.However,most of these typical cases appear in economically developed areas such as the coastal areas or the Yangtze River.Many problems have arisen in the construction of communities in ethnic autonomous areas.Such as the imbalance in the power of multi-government governance,the lack of awareness of ethnic minority residents.In view of community governance,the lack of attention to ethnic specificity,the lack of investment in ethnically inclined funds,the poverty problem and spatial differentiation of ethnic communities,and the lack of trust among ethnic residents.Then look at community construction from the perspective of policy implementation,In other words,vewing community-building policy as a public policy,how do ethnic autonomous area implement such policies?Why are different execution types presented during execution?What are the key factors affecting policy implementation in different types of implementation?Different types of policies will lead to different types of implementation.Therefore,this article uses typological methods:dividing community building policy into four categories according to the two dimensions of "autonomy" and"loss embedding",that is,substaantive regulatory policies procedural policies,redistribution policies,and distrbutive development policies.They correspond to four execution types,Cooperative execution,administrative execution,flexible execution and exploratory execution,Therefore,a model framework for the implementation of community construction policies in ethnic areas is constructed As a doctoral student of the backbone project of ethnic minorities,out of his love for his hometown and the availability of empirical materials,this study selects the community construction of the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture as the research object.Community rectification,community environmental construction,community subsistence allowance,and community pension are selected as the implememation cases of the four policies in Xiangxi Prefecture.In the writing of each case,the case analysis is carried out according to the nature of the policy,the background and historical evolution of the policy,the specific process of policy implementation,the evaluation of the performance of policy implementation,and the logic of policy implementation.The conclusion of this study is as follows:In ethnic autonomous area,the implementation of substantive regulatory polici es is relatively difficult.Related authority departments form a " cooperative implementation" based on power transactions,and the implementation of polici es shows the type of cooperative implementation.The deviations in the implementation of procedural policies are often due to problems in the community management system and resources,and an administrative implementation type by the bureaucracy at the grassroots level;the implementation process of the redistribution policy is most complicated.The reason for the failure of the policy is usually because that the"property owners" form an advantageous alliaace which leads to flexible implementation of the policy.The implemantation of distributive development policies depeends on local enthusiasm and local resources,and often shows exploratory impl em entati on.This article propose the following paths to guide these four types of policy implementation to effective impleentation,In regards to substantive reguattory policies,govemments in ethnic autonomous area should make full use of autonomy:enhance their self-government capabilities,play the role of religious beliefs and national customary laws,regulate the actions and connections of the main bodies of policy implementation,and make cooperative implementation work towards the realization of policy goals;In regards to procedural polies,we need to improve the community management system and mechanisms,build unified leadership,improve relevant laws and regulations,and establish a multi-governance system.At the same time,we must continue to increase investment in resources such as funds,planning,human resources and technology;The policy should reduce the autonomy space from the policy design,optimize the targeting mechanism,and information management system,strengthen the connection of special rescue policies,and increase the cost of moral hazard of superior alliances through supervision and assessment;In reganrds to the policy of distributed development,we need to encourage the participation of social subjects,exhibit the positive role of ethnic cultural resources:raise funds through multiple channels,and strengthen the training of ethnic minority professionals.