On Zhu Zhixin's Selective Communication Of Marxism

Selective communication is a significant and important feature of Marxism's early history of communication in China.The selective translation and interpretation of Marxism by Zhu Zhixin,a modern Chinese democratic revolutionary,is the main argument for the objective existence of selective communication in the academic circles.The selective communication of Marxism in China is the unification of “selective choice” and “consensus on choice”.It can be said that the process of spreading Marxism in China is the process chosen by the Chinese people.This choice is from the early Chinese intellectuals including Zhu Zhixin to the translation of Marxism,to the Marxist firm belief in Marxism,and finally make Marxism be a historic choice by the concrete practice of the proletarian party.At the same time,however,in the research of early Marxism's communication history,the academic circles question Zhu Zhixin's contribution to communication,because Zhu Zhixin did not believe in Marxism at last.The problems here mainly focus on the controversy on the definition of the subject of communication and whether the translation and introduction of Marxist works are self-conscious.It is necessary to re-understand the concept of “communication” of selective communication,and to examine the issue of conscious consciousness from the reasons of the translation of the subject.The concept of “communication” of selective communication,is based on the general communication theory of the academic community,but it leaves a contradiction between the time and effect.That is to say,the period of the May Fourth Movement was recognized as a stage of widespread communication,but Zhu Zhixin and others who actively participated in the discussion of Marxism at that time did not believe in Marxism,so that Zhu's behavior was not considered to be communication.It is difficult to form a logical self-consistency with the recognized wide degree.According to Marx's theory of spiritual communication,“communication” is essentially a kind of spiritual communication.His views on the subjective initiative of human beings,the combined effects of social forces,and the influence of ideology on “communication”,can provide theoretical basis for solving the concept of “communication” of selective communication and exploring the causes of communication.The enlightenment of Marx's theory of spiritual communication to “selective communication”,is that value is the direct basis of individual choice,and individual value is based on the needs of the country and is formed by the combined effect of ideology and traditional culture.In the final analysis,the choice under this combined effect is determined by the economic base of the region and development stage.According to Marx's theory of spiritual communication,Zhu Zhixin's selective communication of Marxism,can be divided into three periods to explore the reasons for his choice.Firstly,during the Revolution of 1911,Zhu Zhixin was able to introduce Marx and translate his works,mainly based on the need to prepare for the revolutionary to against the domination of the Manchu government.At the same time,the implementation of the “social revolution” as a measure to prevent the future from repeating the drawbacks of the capitalist system of the Western countries.The combination of Western “equality” values and the traditional Chinese concept of “revolution” and “all rich and poor”,enabled them to understand and accept Marxism more quickly,and refused the theory of dictatorship of the proletariat by emphasizing “equality”.Secondly,in the early period of the Republic of China,Zhu Zhixin didn't mentioned Marxism,mainly based on the struggle against Yuan Shikai's implementation of authoritarian rule and the trial of the “democratic republican” system in China.The Marxism,which originally belonged to the category of “social revolution”,instead by the “political revolution” against the autocratic rule.The values of “progress”,“people-oriented” and “civil rights” have made Zhu Zhixin focus on the issues of the people and the country,while ignoring the criticism of the capitalist system behind the Western-style “democratic republican” system.Thirdly,during the May Fourth Movement,Zhu Zhixin re-raised Marx and considered Chinese social issues based on the theory of class struggle.This is mainly based on the “anti-imperialist and anti-feudal” needs of the anti-imperialist powers and the opposition to the autocratic rule of the Northern Warlords.Socialism became the consensus of the Chinese people at that time to solve the problem.The combination of pragmatism and “progressive” values and the previous “equality” and “civil rights” values aroused Zhu Zhixin's concern for the working class and rethink the interpretation of social issues by the theory of class struggle.At the same time,because of the so-called “equality” and “conscience” concepts in the West and the comprehensive role of the Chinese traditional “Great Harmony” concept,Zhu Zhixin could not truly understand Marxism and thus failed to fully accept Marxism.On the performance of Zhu Zhixin's three stages in the theory of spiritual communication,we can respond the academic conscious controversy about the subject of communication from the theoretical level.Even though Zhu Zhixin does not believe in Marxism,his selective translation of Marxism has objectively played a positive historical role in the spread of Marxism.It is worth pondering that this role has enabled Zhu Zhixin to become interested in Marxism at a certain stage,and at the same time,he has never been able to fully accept Marxism and even lose interest for a period of time.The reason is that under the leading role of capitalist ideology and the auxiliary role of Chinese traditional culture,constructing an ideology that avoiding the drawbacks of capitalism is the ideology of socialism.This was determined by the coexistence of capitalist economic relations and small-scale peasant economic relations formed by the invasion of imperialist powers in modern China.This illusion of ideology made Zhu Zhixin think that the people's livelihood is more suitable for solving the problems of China than Marxism,and therefore will not accept the Marxist approach to solving the problem of capitalism in a revolutionary way.Therefore,for Zhu Zhixin,Marxism can only be supplemented by selective translation in the framework of the Three People's Principles.