Study On The Approach Change In Global Climate Governance

For a long time,when it comes to the global climate governance,many scholars have focused on the contradictions between the developed and developing countries,and other specific issues like,common but differentiated responsibilities,funds and technique support or the climate finance.Others have concerned about the climate governance mechanism,trying to figure out the flaws of Kyoto mechanism and offering suggestions for future perfection.This all limit our thoughts,clearly,solving the problem of “Common Tragedy” by international cooperation make people fall into the rules and regulations about cooperation.But it can't explain why the global climate governance started a “bottom-up” approach under the Paris Agreement instead of self-perfection of the “top-down” approach under Kyoto mechanism,and why the United States withdrew from the Paris Agreement again after it withdrew from Kyoto Protocol once.Also,it cannot explain why the negotiation haven't become easier after the Paris Agreement and the transformation of global climate governance approach.No matter the perspective of cooperation or the institutionalism can offer a fair explanation,which needed some reflection.This dissertation research based on the progress of global climate governance,according to the chain of“background analysis,phenomenon review,draw a conclusion” and at last “the meaning for China”.At first,nowadays global governance has a significant background,that is: the whole global governance has been demonstrating a feature of multilevel structure,not only many nations choose to regionalize,more government choose to unite on certain issues,and more active non-national actors set up a network with national actors.Then,the framework of multilevel governance has been introduced into global climate governance.This allowed me to set up a full picture of global climategovernance: the UNFCCC as the main support,climate actions of big powers as the cornerstone,transnational climate governance network as the subsidiary.Secondly,research into the actual meaning of the transformation of the approach of climate change governance with authority as the main variable,whose feature is submission.Through the analysis,the transformation of the approach of climate change governance allow us perceiving the dynamic change of authority within the global climate governance system.These changes are on one hand,the state has gaining more authority from the supranational level;on the other hand,the authority of transnational climate governance network which constitute non-national actors has been arising and having effect on the progress of global climate governance.The disappointing end of Kyoto Protocol is not in fact the problem of a mechanism.Since there is no actual super government above all others in the multi-level governance system,no one can guarantee a mechanism can be complied with by all members.When we observe the arrangement of Paris Agreement,it is obvious that the so called“bottom-up” approach is in in fact an approach which totally rely on the national's own action addressing climate change.Because of the absence of a non-compliance mechanism,the actual effect of this approach depends on each nation's self-positioning and their consensus on the urgency of climate change.The restraint of the agreement on its member states is in effect quite loose,it cannot compel nations to comply,neither can push a punishment on nations who cannot comply.This is a strong sign of the returning of national authority.Furthermore,this is a rebalance of the center of the global climate change governance,and a replacement of a legal binding emission reduction framework.Thirdly,under the background of the returning of national authority,a weakened supranational authority,and an absence of legally binding emission reduction agreement,along with China's economic power,development direction,governing conceptions,and an aspiring attitude toward the climate change issue,it is time for China to reveal its directional leadership.Also,to China,gaining leadership through its own actions coping with climate change is rational and feasible.At last,inconsideration of current negotiation of global emission trading market,there is little possibility that a global deal could occur in the near future.International cooperation at the global level could be more difficult.As consequence,the key to the success of global climate governance could rely on the internalization of each country's actions addressing to the climate change.There are more possibilities lie in the regional cooperation within a state at the sub-national level,cooperation at the sub-national level with other countries,and the transnational climate change governance network.