Study On Four-fold Structure Of Marx's Historical Dialectics

The essence of Marx's dialectics is historical dialectics,which is the basis for Marxist philosophy to distinguish from traditional philosophy,to realize its revolutionary change and to have strong vitality facing the future.Marx's historical dialectics includes the historical dialectics of the four structures of Marx's theory of human nature,social historical form,law of social development,and social development direction(going to communism in the inevitable demise of capitalism).The logic of these four structures is progressive and dialectical.This paper expounds this idea from the following aspects.First,The theoretical connotation of Marx's historical dialectics.While surpassing,sublating and surpassing Hegel's speculative conceptual dialectics,on the basis of practice and history,Marx constructs the historical dialectics thought of dialectical unity of four structures,which is generated from historical materialism and develops continuously.Its theoretical definition is reflected in the following three aspects: in terms of theoretical definition,Marx's historical dialectics is constructed on the basis of practice,guided by the principles of historical interpretation and dialectical thinking mode,with realistic people and their historical development activities as the starting point,realistic people as historical subjects,objective objects as historical objects,subject and object unified in the overall history,revealing the development law of human and social historical overall movement.its eternal theme is to transform the world to realize people's freedom and liberation on the theme of theory and practice;In terms of its essential characteristics,it is its essential feature that it is rooted in the dialectics of nature and direction.Second,the first structure and logical gradient are the historical dialectics of Marx's theory of human nature.The historical dialectics of Marx's theory of human nature is mainly embodied in his thoughts on the attributes,nature and value of human beings,including four levels: at the first level of the relationship between man and nature,man has the natural attribute based on "meeting the needs of existence";at the second the level of human relationship,human has the Category attribute based on "self-consciousness";at the third level of human and society,human has the nature attribute of "self-consciousness";The fourth level is based on the social attributes of social relations,the three attributes are dialectically unified in the value orientation of human freedom and liberation.Marx subverted the previous metaphysical theory of human nature,and for the first time made a scientific definition of human attributes and human nature in the history of human thought,which provided a scientific and historical yardstick for us to grasp human nature,and established the realistic human logical starting point and the value scale of freedom and liberation throughout of Marx's whole historical dialectics theoretical system,reflecting the subject and subjectivity dimension of his dialectics.Third,the second structure and logical gradient are the historical dialectics of Marx's social and historical form.Based on the theory of "three forms",Marx revealed the law of social and historical development from low level to high level,revealed the essence of this process taking the free and all-round development of human being as the internal logic clue,and the negation of negation of human freedom from abstract freedom in positive stage to alienation freedom in negative stage,and finally in free personality stage of full development in Communist period The development process and law of historical dialectics.This will be the historical dialectics from the understanding of human nature as a historical subject to the field of social and historical development as a historical object.Fourth,the third structure and logical gradient are the historical dialectics of Marx's law of social development.On the basis of explaining the dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations,economic basis and superstructure in the historical materialism,this paper reveals the inevitability of the inherent contradictions in the development of social history and the objectivity of the dialectical movement law in the Marxist historical progress view,and the inevitability of the social form change from the low level to the high level,and the debate on the purpose and regularity of the social form replacement,and the unity of proof forms the historical dialectics thought of Marx's law of social development.This is the deepening of Marx's understanding of the objectivity of social and historical development.Fifth,the fourth structure and logical gradient are historical dialectics of social development direction(going to communism in the inevitable demise of capitalism).On the basis of expounding that capitalism has cultivated its own grave diggers due to its inherent contradictions,and finally moves towards self destruction from the inside,Marx reveals the development process of the capitalist society(as the historical subject and as the historical object)from the kingdom of natural inevitability to the kingdom of material inevitability and finally to the kingdom of freedom,which reveals the overall direction of social and historical development ofSixth,the internal logical relationship(dialectically unified from conception method,conception process to conception dimension)of the above four structures in Marx's historical dialectics.From the perspective of conception method,the quadruple structure of Marx's historical dialectics is the unity of logic and history.From the perspective of conception process,the conception process of Marx's historical dialectics expresses the logical process and argumentation relationship of the interaction between historical subject and object,the dominant position of historical subjectivity and the basic position of historical objectivity,and the unity of the two in the historical totality.From the perspective of the conception of the essence of Marx's historical dialectics,on the basis of establishing the ontology of the new world outlook,from the dimension of world outlook historical view historical science advancing step by step,Trinity and dialectical unity,Marx conceived his overall structure of historical dialectics with four fold structure,progressive logic and dialectical unity.In a word,the historical dialectics of Marx's quadruple structure is an overall investigation of the dialectical unity of subject and object of realistic human beings and their social and historical development process by using the methodological principle of the dialectical unity of logic and history.On the basis of revealing the inherent regularity and inevitable direction of the development of human beings and their social and historical movements,Marx's historical dialectics has realized the world outlook The dialectical unity of the trinity of historical view and historical science.