The Specific Sports Training Effect And Underlying Mechanism Of The Biological Motion Perception

Humanity has the powerful Biological Motion Perception,the individual can still extracted precisely perception information from simple dynamic human body contour,even at a distance or in the dim light.In the 1970's,The psychologist Johansson of Uppsala University in Sweden(Uppsala University),found that even when only by attached infrared points of on the head and some important key coilas,wipe off the familiar performance clues,such as the face and the body,the observer can still extract and recognize a lot of useful information,thus opens a pioneering research,form then on,glowing animation technology was used to study biological motion perception.In recent years,Biological motion perception has became a hotspot of research on visual perception.Biological motion perception is the information processing of the movement of the animals or people by our eyes and brain,and in the social intercourse,it is the basis of understanding others' action intention,ruled out the interference of the information,such as color,background,only extrating the the most basic elements of the movement information of the animal or person,consist of the biological spot diagram(point-light displays,the PLD)or video,and PLD has became the special and effective means of the study of human biological motion perception.Observer can recognize the social information,such as identity,gender,emotion,intention by the PLD of biological motion,there are many study for investigation the characteristics of biological motion perception from social cognitive impairments(such as schizophrenia),to reveal the neural mechanisms of biological motion.This study is using the method of PLD study the athletes's characteristics of biological motion perception,and explore the mechanism of specific training effect.First choose 4 male and female tennis and badminton professional athletes,using 3D motion capture system,shoot the filem of tennis players serve technical and badminton players smash the ball,and then according to the requirements of the experiments for editing,post-production,and use the E-prime software programming,make up stimulus materials appear on the screen,select three groups of participants(novice group 1,badminton athlete group 2,tennis athlete group 3),total of 56,including 20 novices,19 badminton athletes and 17 tennis athletes,completed six experiments in the lab:400ms static PLD action recognition,3 s static PLD action recognition,400ms static PLD gender recognition,3 s static PLD gender recognition,as well as the dynamic PLD video action recognition and dynamic PLD video gender recognition,collect the participants reaction accuracy and reaction time in the experiment,carried out a statistical analysis.The action link and the structure of tennis service and badminton smash has high similarity,but the research on the walking or running of PLD proves that the observer can extract the gender information,in order to avoid the differences information on gender of these two actions PLD,compared the experimental analysis data of implicit gender task in the action recognition with the data of gender identification task experiment,in order to separation of specific training effect,and interpret differences between athletes and novice in biological motion perception,as well as the mechanism of the special sports training effect.Results show that the performances between novice and athlete group reaction accuracy of action recognition has significant difference,tennis and badminton athlete group respectively recognize the action of tennis and badminton more accurately,sensitivey;The PLD of the action of the tennis service and badminton smash showed no gender characteristics,different with the PLD of action,such as walking and throwing.At the same time,this study also collected dynamic video PLD action recognition task experiments,subjects of EEG data,and event related potential(ERP)and event-related EEG coherence(ERCoh)analysis,(1)the ERP analysis novice group has a significantly higher amplitude than tennis and badminton athlete group;Brain regions and group interaction have marginal significance difference,tennis athlete and novice group's parietal region of brain effects were not significant difference,these two groups of subjects were not different between different brain regions activated,but the LNC amplitude established in the parietal region of brain of tennis athlete group significantly less than the frontal area and central region.(2)ERCoh analysis:the parietal region of brain effect significantly;the correlation coefficient of parietal lobe and central coherence coefficient is significantly higher than the parietal and frontal,parietal and temporal;Main effect of the category has marginal significance difference,tennis athlete group had a significantly lower coherent coefficient of alpha wave than badminton athlete group and novice group.Through the above 6 experiments and EEG experiment,get the following conclusions:(1)Long-term,professional specific training has special specifics training effects for biological information processing to athletes:even the action of the tennis service and badminton smash has similar action segment and structure,tennis and badminton athletes can more accurately and more quickly recognize the PLD of these two action than novices,and the ability of identify their specifics item is stronger.(2)The psychological mechanism of specific training effect is:the athletes' previous specific training experience stored in their brain as a motion graphic or mediation representation,so they can remarkably sensitive to recognizing the PLD of their game item,it is concluded:specific training effects to produce is the athletes' a large number long-term"motion",so as to improve the biological motion perception ability;(3)The brain mechanism of specific training effect is:the athletes' training in specific sport for a long time,as a kind of motion pictorial,with matching the pattern of their own special PLD,and various brain regions coupling functions tend to be more automated and refinement,able to efficiently and accurately identify PLD of their sports item,to improve their Biological Motion Perception.