Research On Origin And Stream Of Engineering Education Of Northwest United University

Northwest United University was a typical representative of united university mode of higher education during the period of Anti-Japanese War,which promoted higher education expanded from point to surface and continued to advance in depth based on northwest region.Northwest United University inherited the earliest higher engineering education and engineering science in China,and gathered the essence of four engineering institutes.It includes the earliest modern university in C hina,namely,National Beiyang Institute of Engineering,the Engineering School of Beiping University,which was not been demobilized after the war,the Engineering School of Northeast University,which was the first exile university,and Private Jiaozuo Institute of Engineering,which was co-founded by China and UK.Resources were integrated of higher engineering education and engineering science with a long history,close relationship and unique characteristics into Northwest United University.It not only made its school of engineering became the largest one,but also acquired further development through four sta ges and two rounds of optimization and integration,which obtained remarkable achievements on aspects of talent cultivating,scientific research,social services,cultural heritage etc.No matter on discipline construction pursuing comprehensiveness,or on scientific research closely related with practice,or on characteristic of running school of elite education,the engineering education of Northwest United University is worth to carry on deep research.Therefore,the methods of journal literature analys is,statistical induction,comparative study,and case study are applied.Based on comprehensive history material,time evolution is taken as main thread,and the origin,inheritance and development of engineering education of Northwest United University a re discussed through the integrations of vertical and horizontal perspectives,and point and surface,especially the two integration processes of “two origins promote each other” and “four origins running together”.Taking discipline construction as the clue,comprehensive summarization is made of the integration and optimization of engineering education and engineering science of Northwest United University.Based on it,perspectives of the flounder moves,the academic journals of science and technology,the thoughts of engineering education of Northwest United University and the memories of academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences andChinese Academy of Engineering are been selected.And the process of originated from Beijing and Tianjin and inheritance and breeding based on northwest region and its historical contributions of engineering education of Northwest United University are demonstrated from multi perspectives.Hence,the characters of science and technology of engineering education of Northwest United University and the spirits of enhance the nation by running school of united university are excavated,which can be referenced nowadays.The results show that:(1)Northwest United University was a typical representative of higher education development during the special wartime stage,the higher engineering education and engineering science inherited and developed by which were prominent.It originated from Beijing and Tianjin,nourished northwest region,and reproduced all over China.(2)Following the first round of initial integration of Northwest United University,the second round of integration was been realized by the carrier of National Northwest Institute of Engineering.It integrated three regions of north C hina,northeast C hina and central C hina,two systems of national and private,and four unique institutes of engineering,which realize the biggest optimal allocation of wartime higher engineering education in C hina.(3)The teaching staff of engineering education is formed of 73 professors and associate professors,208 faculty members,and more than 90% professors had overseas experience.2 222 graduates were cultivated of nine disciplines of civil engineering,mining and metallurgy,electric machinery,chemical,textile,water conservancy,aviation and industrial management.The first mining discipline,the first industrial management discipline in north area and the first engineering research institute were found,and the disciplines of water conservancy,aviation and textile were advanced all over the country,which made remarkable achievements in education.(4)C losely combined with the industrial practice in northwest region,the curriculum system was improved of paying equal attention to both generality and specialty,and learning in order to practice.9 new emerging disciplines of engineering such as Metallurgical Physical Chemistry were found.More than 10 scientific expeditions such as Ankang investigation of placer gold,Foping iron investigation etc.were produced,which became the prelude of first round of northwest development.Dozens of significant projects and inventions such as “Bahui” canal were accomplished,and 89 academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and C hinese Academy of Engineering were produced such as WEI Shou-kun,SHI Chang-xu and GAO Jing-de from its subsequent colleges and universities.These promote a number of fields to the leading level both home and abroad.(5)It inherited the international starting point of running school of Beiyang University,developed elite education mode,and lofty aspirations of based on northwest region and integrating the world was been formed.It can be represented by the “educator?s outlook should be injected in the world” of LI Yi-zhi and the “saving of national peril and renaissance of Chinese nation” “especially applied science should be taken as the hinge of national prosperity” of LI Shu-tian,etc.It enriched the wartime thoughts of engineering education and provided a successful case for the wartime education mode of anti-fascist national liberation movement in the world.The study concluded that:(1)The origin,integration and development of engineering education of Northwest United University can be divided into fo ur stages,mainly conducted two rounds of integration: the inward migration stage of engineering education of Northwest United University from 1931-09-18 “918" incident to 1937-09-09 before the found of Xi'an Temporary University.The integration stage of engineering education of Xi'an Temporary University-Northwest United University from 1937-09-10 the found of Xi'an Temporary University to 1938-07-06 before the separation of institutes of industry and agriculture.The integration stage of engineering education of National Northwest Institute of Engineering from 1938-07-07 the integration of Northeast Institute of Engineering and Private Jiaozuo Institute of Engineering into National Northwest Institute of Engineering,which separated from Northwest United University,to 1945-08-14 before the victory of Anti-Japanese War.And the stage of demobilization and continued development from 1945-08-15 the victory of Anti-Japanese War to 1949-09-30 before the founding of new C hina.(2)Northwest United University inherited the earliest higher engineering education and engineering science in C hina,which is the important turning point of layout of higher engineering education in modern China.It made higher engineering education transferred from the coastal area to inland,from point to surface,and from the edge to the depth,thus changed the original situation of almost having no higher engineering in northwest area,and promoted the enrichment and development of higher engineering education and engineering science.(3)The engineering education of Northwest United University acquired remarkable achievements in education through inheritance and integration,and made many significant contributions of science and technology.It saved and developed the context of higher engineering education in C hina, accumulated education foundation and human capital for the Western Development and Double First-class Construction,realized the optimization and sustainable development of engineering science,and formed the excellent tradition of science and technology that inherited till today.(4)The spirit of establishing schools to strengthen the nation of Northwest United University and the unique wartime thoughts of engineering education is the fundamental guarantee of success of engineering education of Northwest United University.The spirit of establishing schools to strengthen the nation agitated and internalized among successor colleges and universities,thus unique engineering spirit and character of science and technology were formed.The unique and rich wartime thoughts of engineering education made the integrated development of higher engineering education and engineering science had a clear direction and mission.Although the engineering education of Northwest United University has some restrictions due to various reasons,but in general the contributions of it should be affirmed,and the experiences of it should be referenced.