An Evaluation Study On Patriotic Feeling Of University Students

Patriotic feeling is deemed as loyalty and love to your one's country and patriotism has always been as an important aspect of moral education.Though repeated stress has been attached to strengthen patriotic education of university students,objective evaluation standards and reliable evaluation tools to evaluate and examine it are still unavailable.This paper has the two purposes of research with the psychological one to explore the psychological structure of university student patriotic feeling(USPF)and develop patriotic feeling scale from perspective of situational judgment tests(SJTs)with a view to providing an effective evaluation tool for education and cultivation as well as psychological research of USPF,and the methodological one to further improve the scale development process,explore ways to reduce social desirability response in scale design,conduct scale analysis and selection,test and evaluation as well as practical application by integrating various measurements with modern and classical test theories.Revolving around these purposes,this paper implements its empirical research from the following four angles:The first part mainly focuses on the psychological structure exploration and scale item writing of USPF.In the construction of measurement index,the lexical research method is used to analyze the qualitative analysis of the relevant information,and the patriotic feeling structure is explored through the investigation and interview.In the development of evaluation tool,SJT method is employed with scale item stems,response options,response instructions,response availability,scoring standards,etc.completed successively.The second part concentrates on the analysis and selection of USPF scale.To decrease social desirability response of participants,exploration is conducted through type,person and content of response instruction respectively,and to ensure the high quality of scale items,their selection analysis is carried out by combining various measurements with psychological test theories such as CTT,structural equation modeling(SEM),Differential Item Functioning(DIF)and so on.The third part centers on the test and evaluation of USPF scale.In order to check scale equivalence and test university,equivalence checking of first-order and second-order factor models are made successively,and to evaluate precision of rating scale and its social benefit,univariate generalizability and multivariate generalizability researches are carried successively.The fourth part revolves around the application of USPF scale,which is applied in actual investigation to provide basis for education practice.The Research findings of this paper are summarized as follows:1.The psychological structure of university student patriotic mainly covers four dimensional measurement indexes-national belonging,national pride,national dignity and national responsibility.2.Items of USPF scale suit second person instructions,with initial formation of 43 situational items.3.CTT results:twenty-nine items are retained while eleven items with low equivalence and small discrimination deleted and three more deleted after exploration.4.DIF results:seven items with sex or regional differentiations are deleted with the ultimate genesis of four-dimension USPF scale including twenty-two items.5.The reliability and validity test results shows that the scale is highly reliable and valid,rendering it an effective USPF evaluation tool.6.The confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)indicates that USPF displays a multidimensional structure with a model with second-order univariate and first-order four factors(i.e.the first-order four dimensions-national belonging,national pride,national dignity and national responsibility,account for a higher order patriotic feeling).7.The measurement equivalence checking results show that the first-order factor model and second-order factor model of the transgender and cross-regional USPF scale are strictly equivalent(i.e.the score differences in observed variables of university participants are completely decided by their score differences in overall patriotic emotion and its four dimensions,irrelevant to their gender or region,which manifests the measurement invariance of USPF scale).8.The findings of Generalizability Theory(GT)research show that the USPF scale is suitable for taking four dimensions,which can not only guarantee a higher measurement accuracy,but also have a better measurement efficiency.At the same time,the number of items in each dimension is more reasonable.The four-dimension 22-item USPF scale has high accuracy,and can be used as a norm-referenced test(NRT)and criterion-referenced test(CRT).9.The USPF overall score is rather good and by comparing their average scores,the four dimensions listed with scores from low to high are national responsibility,national belonging,national dignity and national pride.