Research On The Governance Of International Affairs In American Research Universities Under The Background Of Full Internationalization

In the context of Comprehensive Internationalization,U.S.research universities are emerging a Global Model.As the pioneer in the internationalization of American higher education,U.S.research universities are playing an important support role to enhance the national comprehensive strength,competitiveness and quality of American higher education.Internationalization of higher education is an important index and pathway to achieve the academic development of research-oriented universities,as well as an inevitable choice for universities to improve the quality of running schools and establish world-class universities.This study attempts to analyze the governance of international education affairs of American research universities from the dual perspectives of the comprehensive internationalization and the intenalization governance of higher education.By analyzing specific cases,this study has a deep understanding of the organizational structure,the contents and the basic mechanisms of the governance of international education affairs of American research universities.The development of Comprehensive Internationalization provides a strong organizational strategy basis for the governance of international education affairs of American research universities.American research universities systematically consider the internationalization development from the whole school level,which reflects the characteristics of systematically formulating the internationalization development strategy,orderly and explicitly participating in the internationalization activities.From the perspective of the governance of international education affairs,the "International Advisory Council" has been established at the university level,and four types of international affairs organizations,namely "affairs-oriented type","academic-oriented type","service-oriented type" and "comprehensive-oriented type",have been coordinated to implement and promote the comprehensive internalization development of the university.The core of the governance structure of international education affairs lies in the coordination between decentralization and centralization through system design.The "CIGE Model of Comprehensive Internationalization" proposed by the American Council on Education focuses on the internationalization strategy,curriculum,teachers,students,research cooperation and partnership,which are the elements and main contents of the comprehensive internationalization development of American colleges and universities.In the present study,the contents of international education affairs governance mainly focus on the academic development of colleges and universities,to serve personnel training and teaching and research.The contents of international education affairs governance of American research universities embody three characteristics,including the integration of global academic experience and social practice,internationalization of university services,multiple departments united to achieve the internationalization of the universities.In order to realize and guarantee the comprehensive internalization,U.S.research universities have established a set of stable and effective,scientific and standardized management and operation mechanism that is consistent with the university development.It is required to establish and perfect the international management units and leadership mechanisms for international education affairs to provide organizational guarantee for international education affairs governance;to form an effective international education affairs management dynamic mechanism,multi-participation shared governance mechanism,and a stable and effective resource guarantee mechanism,which would provide strong guidance and regulation,support and incentive function for the development of research universities from the formulation of strategic planning to the implementation of internationalization.This study analyzes the structure,the content and the mechanism of international education affairs governance of 12 American research universities,with a focus on the governance structure and content of two American research universities,each as an independent body,Duke University and University of Michigan.It is found that the two universities have similarities and differences in international education affairs governance in the process of comprehensive internationalization.Both two universities' governance units of international education affairs change constantly with the development of internationalization,and become fall into a a good mode of shared governance.As for the content of the governance of international education affairs in research universities,the both two universities pay attention to cultivate international talents,interdisciplinary research,and provide a full range of international services,however,the two universities have both formed their own internationalization governance structure.In the context of comprehensive internationalization,the following conclusions can be drawn from the research on the international education affairs governance of American research universities,including,American research universities present a shared governance through multiple participants in international affairs;positive interaction among leadership,faculty engagement,policy support and financial support help promote the development of university internationalization;a flat "matrix structure" is constructed by American research universities,which effectively guarantees the implementation of comprehensive internationalization initiatives.In the process of internationalization implementation,the concept of "service-oriented" is thoroughly carried out,on the one hand,to serve the personnel training goal;on the other hand,to realize the sophisticated management and comprehensive management of university internationalization.Through the lessons from American research university's experience,in order to achieve the goal of "Double-First Class" university project,Chinese universities should strengthen the top-level design,to establish the organizational structure of international education affairs governance which is closely intertwined with China's research universities,adhere to the"service-oriented" concept,to build a comprehensive international leadership team,and form shared governance with multiple participant and joint endeavor.