Rural Landscape Evolution Process And Development Patterns In The Context Of Urbanization

With the hyper development of urbanization in China,rural landscape has been affected seriously.The conflicts are prominent in that situation,such as rural landscape structure disorder,ecological fragility,and dysfunction etc.Aiming at the adaptability of the interior and exterior subsystems of the rural landscape complex system,this study analyzed the dynamic evolution track of the rural landscape in Qingpu District,deconstructed the inherent mechanisms of the evolution of the rural landscape in the context of hyper urbanization,and probed into the sustainable development patterns of the rural landscape suitable for the developed regions.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)This study put forward the research paradigm of spatio-temporal evolution of rural landscape,which is "internal subsystem(character of rural landscape)and external subsystem(morphology of rural landscape)responsiveness".It was based on the traditional evolutionary paradigm"pattern-process-mechanism",using the character of rural landscape and the morphology of it as components of the complex system of rural landscape.The concept of "responsiveness" was introduced to construct the index of "responsiveness of characters of rural landscape",which indicates the adaptability of internal subsystem(character of rural landscape)to external subsystem(morphology of rural landscape).Using "responsiveness degree of characters of rural landscape" to reflect adaptability.The research was carried out according to the framework of "evolvement trend-evolution process-evolution mechanism-evolution prediction and effect-development patterns selection" of"responsiveness of character of rural landscape".(2)The differentiation of demand categories and the evolution of demand hierarchy were the essential reasons for spatio-temporal differentiation of morphology of rural landscape.Spatio-temporal differentiation morphology of rural landscape was distinct in the past year from 1980 to 2015,which was mainly manifested in the following aspects.?The aspect of rural landscape types.The settlement landscape and traffic landscape areas in Qingpu District increased by 14829.91 hm2,and the farmland landscape areas decreased to 7357.87 hm2.The change of rural landscape types experienced the process of "slow change-fast change-medium change".?The aspect of rural landscape patterns.The fragmentation degree of rural landscape increased,and the shape of landscape space tended to be more complicated and irregular.The landscape patches changed from decentralization to integration.Landscape connectivity first decreased and then increased,and landscape heterogeneity increased.Landscape fragmentation was high in the east of this region,low in the west of it;however,landscape connectivity was contrary in this region.Landscape heterogeneity showed the spatial characteristics of high in the middle of this region,low in the wings.?The aspect of rural landscape structure.Orderliness increased with time.The information entropy of landscape utilization structure presented the trend of inverted "U" fluctuation,with the highest value of 1.589 Nat in the year 2007 and the lowest value of 1.534 Nat in the year 1980.Spatial disorderliness decreased from east to west.The value of information entropy of the landscape utilization structure was the highest,and presented the trend of decreased in the middle of Qingpu District.The value of information entropy of the landscape utilization structure was medium,and presented the trend of rapidly increased in the eastern of this region.However,the value of information entropy of the landscape utilization structure was the lowest,and presented the trend of slowly decreased in the western of it.The differentiation of demand categories lead to spatial differentiation of morphology of rural landscape.The demand for economic development,social development and the quality,which were dominated by the demand of cultural heritage,were the main demand in the middle of Qingpu District.Meanwhile,there were many demand categories,and the requirements of landscape heterogeneity and diversity were obviously higher than those of other regions.The demand of economic development and social development were in the east of this region.The landscape structure had a high degree of concentration and a good degree of comprehensive development,and it also showed the characteristics of disorderliness.The demand of agricultural production and economic development were the main demand in this region.In the long-term slow development process,the morphology of rural landscape showed the characteristics of low degree of landscape fragmentation and better landscape connectivity.The evolution of demand hierarchy lead to temporal differentiation of morphology of rural landscape.In the past 36 years,the demand for food and clothing in this area had increased from "stage?-2" to "stage ?-1",and the demand for quality had increased from "stage ?-2" to "stage ?-1".The change of regional individual or group demand level played an important role in the change of land use type which represents various needs.(3)The spiral ascending evolution of symbiotic pattern was the evolution law of characters of rural landscape.Spatio-temporal differentiation characters of rural landscape was distinct in the past year from 1980 to 2015,which was mainly manifested in the following aspects.?The aspect of landscape utilization efficiency.During the study period,the landscape utilization efficiency changed in the form of "M",and the efficiency value decreased from the central urban area to the east and west wings.The efficiency value of western region was higher than that of eastern region,and the effective and efficient areas of DEA were mainly distributed on the central axis of Qingpu District over the years.?The aspect of landscape ecological quality.The landscape ecological quality index showed a decreasing trend with years.The value of landscape ecological quality was low in the eastern region,high in the western region and middle level in the central region.The landscape ecological quality gradually decreased from the west to the east.And along the central axis of this region(Xujing town-Zhaoxiang town-Xiayang street-Zhujiajiao town)deteriorated;meanwhile,along the central axis to the north and south sides of the diffusion.?The aspect of rural landscape functions.The differentiation of rural landscape functions was serious,mutual exclusion between functions,and the landscape multifunction presents the upward trend.Based on the character of rural landscape,the symbiotic patterns of rural landscape eco-economic system changed significantly,and the spiral trend of evolution continued to evolve,indicating that the mutualism patterns were the final choices.(4)The index of "the responsiveness of characters of rural landscape" can better represent the adaptive state of the subsystems of the rural landscape.This study introduced the concept of"responsiveness" to construct the responsiveness index of "rural landscape urbanization responsiveness","landscape utilization efficiency responsiveness","landscape ecological quality responsiveness" and"landscape function responsiveness" in order to present "comprehensive state of rural landscape","state of allocation of rural landscape resources","state of ecological balance of rural landscape" and "state of coordination of rural landscape functions".(5)The evolution of rural landscape in Qingpu District was influenced by 4 kinds of factors,and there were 3 stages in the evolution of rural landscape.The results of principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the original factor,new factor,development factor and maintenance factor were the four main driving factors.The original factors were inversely proportional to the response degree of characters of rural landscape,and the new factors,development factors and maintenance factors were in direct proportion to the responsiveness degree of characters of rural landscape.Using the relationships of demand,causality,responsiveness and symbiosis,the rural landscape evolution stage in Qingpu District of Shanghai from 1980 to 2015 was divided into three stages:low level equilibrium period(1980-1995),competitive development period(1995-2007)and control development period(2007-2015).(6)The scenario of quality development which was designed based on the implicative development of the prototype will be the inevitable choice after the development of the rural landscape in Qingpu District to a certain level and stage.Leading by the optimal combination,taking the connotation type development as the prototype,paying attention to the low input and high efficiency quality development situation,during the whole simulation period,the synthetic index simulation value of rural landscape urbanization responsiveness degree showed an increasing trend.The development patterns of rural landscape space in Qingpu District were diverse,and the development patterns selection should be targeted.The design nature of scenario of quality development was implicit development,compared with other development scenarios based on quantity increase and decrease.There were different development patterns and goals.The scenario of quality development was more competitive for Qingpu District in the transition period.The spatial development patterns of the administrative villages in Qingpu District could be identified and classified into 3 categories of patterns(shapes),10 categories of conductive interfaces of the spatial development patterns of the core administrative villages(chains)and 20 categories of the leading industries of administrative villages(cells).