The New Development Of World Food Trade And Its Impact On China's Food Security

Food is the basic guarantee of living of mankind and also the basic demand of people's livelihood.In the long river of history,human society has passed from primitive society,slave society and feudal society.However,because of the constraint of political system,low level of productivity,less developed social division of labor and commodity economy,predominant position of natural economy,the countries are basically self-sufficient in food production and lack of exchanging.Since Industrial Revolution and the era of large-scale industrial machinery,the social productive forces have rapidly released,social division of labor was quickly expanded,commodity economy has achieved leapfrog development,and business deals were popular among different countries,which have promoted the formation of international division of labor and world market.The global economy subsequently evolved into the mutual interdependence global economic system.In view of the difference of resources endowment,mode of production,scientific and technical level,the countries of the world balanced their food requirements and adjusted the food industrial structure through international trading,which has driven the formation of world food markets and development of food trade.The development of world economy accelerates the flow of goods and factors of production,closing the national economic exchanges and the international division of labor cooperation,promoting the course of economic integration and globalization among the countries of the world.With the vigorous development of world trade,the world food trade has become an important part of world trade,and also plays an active role in balancing world food supply and demand and safeguarding world food security.China is a giant producer of crops and also a great consumer.The imports and exports in China's food have long been occupied an important position of the world food trade market.It is an important choice for China to resolve the food problems through the world food trade market.Under the trend of the development of economic globalization,the world food trade and China's food safety have become more closely linked,not the least is its impact on imports and exports in food,but also reflecting on the close relation of the trade system,price conduction mechanism,the trade policy,and the pattern of trade etc.Therefore,the development and evolution of world food trade has an increasingly important influence on China's food security.The global financial crisis caused by the US subprime mortgage crisis in 2007 has had a serious impact on world economic development.The world economy has entered an important adjustment and the great period of transition,and its environment has made great changes,economic growth has slow down,the problem of excess capacity is serious,the international market is getting highly competitive,protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting,the system and the order of international trade also exert great effect on the process and outcome of the negotiation.In order to cope with and exit the economic crisis,the major economies adopt moderately easy monetary policy,which lead to global excessive liquidity,having a significant effect on international capital flows and global financial market stability.The great change of global economic environment has great impact on world food market and food trade,the first of these is that global food crisis in 2008,which causes the rising international food price.All countries adopt protectionist measures such as encouraging import and limiting export,to strength the control of food resources,which conflicts over the fluctuations of international food market.It forms the watershed since the global food crisis,all countries become more aware of the food security,reexamining and adjusting the food trade policy,trying to get more favorable order of food trade.the development of international food trade is experiencing new changes.It is important for China's food security to make a study on the developing characteristics and tendency of world food trade.Food security has great significance to China,where has a big population and little land.In the past few decades,China has achieved remarkable achievements in food production,solving the 1.3 billion people's food problems,and basically achieving self-sufficiency.The fact hits back at all the questioning.China not only has made a good life for people,but also making significant contributions to safeguard world food security.However,there is an unavoidable problem.That is it comes at a significant cost to guarantee food security,the problems of running out of resources,the ecological deterioration,land capacity degeneration,food safety are essential to be reversed.But also deeply serious existence system,the production efficiency is low,the upgrading of consumption pressure,the structure contradiction,practical problems such as poor industry competitiveness and fiscal burden,severely restricts the sustainable development of food security,China's food security is facing unprecedented changes.In 2013,the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the CPC identified comprehensively deepens the reform of the top-level design.In late 2013,the Central Economic Work Conference established the new strategy of national food safety,refining the marketability reform direction,raising the general requirement of basic self-sufficiency in grains,food security,and quality safety of agricultural products,the transformation of agricultural development methods etc.At present,China's economic development has entered a crucial period of structural adjustments and reform.The world economy is also in profound adjustments.China's food security has been in a certain historical node.China's food security is inseparable from the world,and world food trade has a profound impact on China's food security.The new development of world food trade has many effects on food security,which has both positive and negative effects,direct or indirect effects.Only if recognizing the new development and characteristic trend of world food trade,we can improve the competitiveness of the food industry,achieving sustainable development of food security,achieving the successful implementation of the national food security strategy.This article focuses on the development course of world food trade,taking food crisis as a watershed,and then deeply analyzed and researched the new development,features and trends of world food trade after the food crisis in 2007-2008 from six aspects,such as supply and demand of trade,trade price,trade structure,trade market,trade policy and trade pattern.It also outlines the connotation of world food trade,including the coexistence and interaction between food trade protectionism and trade liberalization,food trade has become an important channel for safeguarding food security,the polarization of import and export area of world food trade,the hegemony of America's food trade is an important pillar for strengthening the world's existing hegemony.Through analyzing the attributes and basic connotation of food security,it is found that China's food security can be measured in terms of quantity,quality,structure,industrial security,and summary the basic situation of China's food security.On this basis,adhere to the Theory of Marxist Political Economy as the instruction,according to the basic principle of world economy and trade,the research is finished deeply and summarized the pathway and mechanism of impact on China's food security from world food trade.By using the method of system analysis and the qualitative and quantitative analysis,and through quantity,quality,structure,industrial security four aspects,this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of impact on China's food security from world food trade,and then raises recommendations and measures from six aspects.In general,from quantity security aspects,the new development of world food trade has a positive effect on China's food security;it has become an important way and guarantee of the overall balance between China's food supply and demand.At the same time,its negative impact is obvious.For example,the higher food foreign trade deficit,self-sufficiency rate of grain dropped year by year,especially soybean imports relies heavily on the international market,as well as the spread of corn,rice imports increased dramatically,causing the invalid supply to increase grain production.From quality security aspects,more and more genetically modified soybeans enter China because of its low cost and price,basically replace the traditional soybean crushing.Accordingly,the plant area of the traditional soybean and rotate agricultural crops is decreased,which causes the soil erosion and nutrient loss directly.The effect of genetically modified soybeans on human's health is still uncertain,which has a potential impact on healthy security.All these endanger the food quality security.From structure security aspects,the import of genetically modified soybeans has led to the imbalance of crop-planting structure.The import of food also causes the imbalance of food consumption,and the imbalance of inventory structure.From industrial security aspect,with the rapid growth of food trade,price shocks of imported food,highly dependence on the import of genetically modified soybeans,lack of trade pricing power,multinational food giant monopoly,and the unfair order of world food trade dominated by the developed countries,the living environment,international competitiveness,foreign trade dependence and control of China's food industrial all have faced great challenges.But overall,it is in an unsafely state,especially the soybeans,which is not safe because of highly reliant on imports.The grain industrial is basically safe,but is much closer to insecurity,and the situation is not optimistic.The detailed content of dissertation is as following:The first chapter is prolegomena.From the perspective of the research background and significance,and on the basis of teasing out the literature about world food trade and its impact on China's food security,it leads to the basic thoughts and ways of researching,and provides an over view of research framework.The second chapter reviews the development process of world food trade,including the process of world food trade and the analysis of the causes of the food crisis,and then discusses the major expression of new development of world food trade from six aspects,such as trade volume,trade price,trade structure,trade market,trade policy and trade pattern,and also deeply analyzes the connotation and features of new development.The third chapter studies the fundamental connotation,dimensions and basic situation of China's food security,discussing the common attributes and fundamental connotation of food security,raising quantity,quality,structure,industrial security four dimensions used to measure food security,and summary the basic situation of China's food security.The forth chapter researches on the mechanism of impact on China's food security from world food trade.The research is finished deeply and summarized the pathway and mechanism of impact on China's food security from world food trade through six aspects,such as supply and demand of trade,trade price,trade structure,trade market,trade policy and trade pattern.The fifth chapter is the new development of world food trade and its impact on China's food security.This paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of impact on China's food security from world food trade through quantity,quality,structure,industrial security four aspects.The sixth chapter is the recommendation and measure.This article provides the suggestion after analyzing the various impacts on China's food security from new development of world food trade.It is hoped that this will be a top-level design measures for reference to China to tackle new challenges of world food trade,and also to improve the safeguarding capacity of China's food security.