A Study On The Influence Of Property Right Structure Of Farmland On Environmental Effiency Of Agriculture

Since the reform and opening up,agricultural development in China has made remarkable achievements.It has successfully solved the Chinese food problem and made important contributions to food security in the whole world.But we must also know that this achievement is due to huge environmental costs.The environmental pollution brought by agricultural production has become the main source of environmental pollution in China.The high yield and yield increase achieved by China's agriculture is mainly realized by some modern chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides.The resulting agricultural non-point source pollution,soil fertility loss and food safety problems become more prominent.With these negative effects becoming more and more serious,improving the efficiency of agricultural environment and promoting the transformation of agriculture from resource consumption and environmental pollution to green and sustainable development has become a top priority for China's agricultural development.The arrangement of farmland property right system is a fundamental factor that affects farmers' production behavior,and it has an incentive effect on farmers'producing input decisions,and farmers' production behavior will have an impact on the agricultural ecological environment.In the last 40 years of reform and opening up,China has given more and more power of the occupancy,usufruct and disposition of the contracted land to farmers without changing the land ownership,so that the integrity,certainty and stability of land property rights owned by the farmers are constantly enhanced,and the structure of rural land property rights is continued to be optimized.The optimization of property right structure has a profound impact on farmers' production behavior and resource utilization mode,and then on agricultural growth and agricultural environmental efficiency.This dissertation focuses on the important topic of farmland property right structure and agricultural environmental efficiency.First,it summarizes the related literature of land property right structure and agricultural environmental efficiency,then expounds the mechanism and ways of farmland property right structure affecting agricultural environmental efficiency,and constructs the research framework of this paper,then develops the research of the main part of the article.Firstly it reviews the evolution of land property rights structure since the founding of Chinese and measures the structure of farmland property rights in China from 1983 to 2015 years.Secondly it measures the efficiency of Chinese agricultural environment and analyzes current situation and temporal evolution of agricultural environmental efficiency in China and characteristics of the convergence.Thirdly,the effect of farmland property right structure on the agricultural environmental efficiency of China is tested.Lastly it further investigate the two indirect influence mechanisms of farmland property right structure on agricultural environmental efficiency:the impact of farmland property right structure on the agricultural environmental efficiency through the long term investment in farmland,and the impact of farmland property right structure on the agricultural environmental efficiency through the scale of farmland management.Through the above analysis,the dissertation finds that:(1)Since the founding of the people's Republic of China,the property rights system of agricultural land has undergone many changes,from radical to gradual change.The allocation of farmland property right structure between different subjects gradually takes farmers as the main body.Especially since the reform and opening to the world,the exclusiveness of farmland use right,farmland usufruct and farmland disposition right have been increasing.(2)In the past 1983?2015 years,although China's agricultural environmental efficiency is in the state of first decline and then rise in fluctuation,its overall level is relatively low,and its growth rate is relatively small.The agricultural environmental efficiency needs to be further improved.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the development of agricultural environmental efficiency in China is seriously unbalanced.The average ranking of agricultural environmental efficiency in the three regions is in the eastern,western and central parts.According to the convergence test results of regional change of agricultural environmental efficiency in China,it is found that there is only conditional beta convergence in China's agricultural environmental efficiency,and there is no sigma convergence and absolute beta convergence.(3)The property right structure of farmland is an important factor affecting the efficiency of agricultural environment.Improvement of the stability of rural land use rights has significant promoting effect on agricultural environmental efficiency,and improvement of the exclusiveness of farmland disposition right has significantly promoting effect on the agricultural environmental efficiency,while the effect of farmland usufruct on agricultural environmental efficiency is uncertainty.Then based on the provincial panel data of 1983?2015 years in 28 provinces of China,using comprehensive FGLS,LSD V and LSD VC and other quantitative methods to empirically test the impact of property rights structure of farmland on agricultural environmental efficiency,results show that the enhancement of exclusiveness of farmland use right,farmland usufruct and farmland disposition right is conductive to the improvement of agricultural environmental efficiency.(4)The property rights structure of farmland has direct impact on the efficiency of agricultural environment,but also has indirect effect on agricultural environmental efficiency through long-term investment in agricultural land.The theoretical analysis shows that the property right structure of agricultural land not only has a direct"property right environment" effect,but also mediate the long term investment in agriculture,which affects the efficiency of agricultural environment.Property rights structure of farmland system reform continues to advance,to ensure the stability and security of farmers' income in a certain extent,so as to stimulate farmers to introduce green advanced production technology,protect agricultural ecological environment,and increase agricultural output in the long run performance,can directly improve the efficiency of agricultural environment.In addition,farmland use rights,usufruct and disposition rights will also have an impact on agricultural environmental efficiency through long-term agricultural investment.In the empirical results,farmland use right,usufruct and disposition right have a significant positive mediating effect on the agricultural environmental efficiency through long-term farmland investment.Calculating with the mediating effect of formula in the national sample,intermediary effect of farmland disposition right through long-term investment of farmland on agricultural environmental efficiency is the largest,followed by farmland usufruct,intermediary effect of farmland use right through long-term investment of farmland on agricultural environmental efficiency is minimum.(5)The structure of farmland property right will also indirectly affect the efficiency of agricultural environment through the scale of farmland management.The seventh chapter theoretically analyzes the influence of farmland property right structure on the scale of agricultural land management,the influence of the scale of farmland management on the agricultural environmental efficiency and the influence of farmland property right structure on agricultural environmental efficiency through the scale of agricultural land management.Based on the panel data of 28 provinces in China in 1983?2015,a simultaneous equation model is built to test the indirect effect of farmland property right structure on agricultural environmental efficiency through the scale of agricultural land management.The results show that the exclusiveness of farmland use right,usufruct and disposition right have significant effect on the scale of agricultural land management,and the expansion of the scale of farmland management has a significant effect on the improvement of agricultural environmental efficiency,and farmland use right,usufruct and disposition right have significant effect on the agricultural environment efficiency.Therefore,farmland use right,usufruct and disposition right have direct effect on agricultural environmental efficiency.At the same time,the agricultural environment efficiency has an indirect efect through the scale of farmland management.The indirect effect of farmland use right through the scale of farmland management on agricultural environmental efficiency is 0.097.The indirect effect of farmland usufruct through the scale of farmland management scale on agricultural environmental effciency is 0.403,and the indirect effect of farmland disposition right through farmland management scale on agricultural environmental efficiency is 0.423.According to the above conclusion,this dissertation puts forward the following suggestions:First,to further relax the regulation of farmland property rights,give farmers more farmland use rights,usufruct and disposition right,especially the land transferring right and mortgage right in farmland disposition right,to promote agricultural environmental efficiency;Second,to further extend the contract term for the farmland use right to improve the stability of the rural land use right and arouse the farmers' enthusiasm to protect environment in agricultural production;Third,to actively improve the land transferring and mortgage system to promote the optimalallocation of land resources and improve the agricultural environmental efficiency;Forth,to establish the quantitative standard for the reform of farmland property right system,to evaluate the reform of farmland property rights system from the perspective of the improvement of agricultural environmental efficiency;Last,to carry out gradually the pilot work of farmland property rights reform to explore the measures that are beneficial not only to the growth of agricultural output,but also to the protection of agricultural ecological environment.